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Table 2 Seasonal distribution of peptic ulcer: χ2 test for goodness of fit.

From: Seasonal pattern of peptic ulcer hospitalizations: analysis of the hospital discharge data of the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy

  

n°

winter

n°(%)

spring

n°(%)

summer

n°(%)

autumn

n°(%)

Χ2

p

Difference between subgroups

Total of sample

 

26,848

6,831 (25.4)

6,876 (25.6)

6,249 (23.3)

6,892 (25.7)

42.88

<0.001

  

Gender

Women

10,053

2,483 (24.7)

2,656 (26.4)

2,381 (23.7)

2,533 (25.2)

15.59

0.002

t = 10.10

p = 0.022

 

Men

16,795

4,348 (25.9)

4,220 (25.1)

3,868 (23.0)

4,359 (26.0)

37.58

<0.001

  

Age subgroups

<65 yrs

7,151

1,754 (24.5)

1,807 (25.3)

1,680 (23.5)

1,910 (26.7)

15.71

0.001

t = 16.62

p = 0.011

 

65-74 yrs

8,849

2,358 (26.6)

2,208 (25.0)

2,047 (23.1)

2,236 (25.3)

22.21

<0.001

  
 

≥ 75 yrs

10,848

2,719 (25.1)

2,861 (26.4)

2,522 (23.2)

2,746 (25.3)

21.94

<0.001

  

Final outcome

Fatal

1,290

358 (27.8)

326 (25.3)

317 (24.6)

289 (22.4)

7.52

n.s.

t = 9.51

p = 0.03

 

Non fatal

25,558

6,473 (25.3)

6,550 (25.6)

5,932 (23.2)

6,603 (25.8)

45.01

<0.001

  

With hemorrhage

 

12,682

3,247 (25.6)

3,172 (25.0)

2,970 (23.4)

3,293 (26.0)

19.26

<0.001

  

With perforation

 

2,541

596 (23.5)

688 (27.1)

593 (23.3)

664 (26.1)

10.92

0.013

  

Gastric ulcer

Total

976

242 (24.8)

242 (24.8)

212 (21.7)

280 (28.7)

9.54

0.024

  
 

Acute

734

181 (24.7)

179 (24.4)

164 (22.3)

210 (28.6)

6.07

n.s.

t = 0.758

p = n.s.

 

Chronic

242

61 (25.2)

63 (26.0)

48 (19.8)

70 (28.9)

4.18

n.s.

  

Duodenal ulcer

Total

24,105

6,075 (25.2)

6,180 (25.6)

5,636 (23.4)

6,214 (25.8)

35.44

<0.001

  
 

Acute

12,180

3,038 (24.9)

3,136 (25.7)

2,866 (23.5)

3,140 (25.8)

16.22

0.001

t = 30.37

p < 0.001

 

Chronic

7,415

1,594 (21.5)

2,004 (27.0)

1,814 (24.5)

2,003 (27.0)

61.47

<0.001

  

Peptic ulcer, site unspecified

Total

2,795

768 (27.5)

711 (25.4)

622 (22.3)

694 (24.8)

15.56

0.002

  
 

Acute

359

91 (25.3)

85 (23.7)

86 (24.0)

97 (27.0)

1.04

n.s.

t = 1.788

p = n.s.

 

Chronic

2,383

628 (26.4)

626 (26.3)

536 (22.5)

593 (24.9)

9.3

0.026

  

Gastrojejunal ulcer

 

51

17 (33.3)

13 (25.5)

10 (19.6)

11 (21.6)

2.25

n.s.

  
  1. Statistical analysis: χ2 test for goodness of fit (SPPS 13.0 for Windows, Chicago, IL, 2004).
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