Table 1 Characteristics of hospitals and patients with severe acute pancreatitis ( n = 22,551)
From: The effect of hospital volume on patient outcomes in severe acute pancreatitis
Variables | Hospital volume quartiles (by case No. per hospital-year) | P values for trend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2-5 | 6-13 | 14+ | ||
Hospital characteristics | |||||
No. of hospital-years | 486 | 679 | 514 | 529 | − |
No. of hospitals | 276 | 261 | 165 | 104 | − |
Hospital level, % | <0.001 | ||||
Medical center | 0 | 0.5 | 5.0 | 39.1 | |
Regional hospital | 4.5 | 16.8 | 46.7 | 48.1 | |
District hospital | 95.5 | 82.7 | 48.3 | 12.8 | |
Hospital ownership, % | <0.001 | ||||
Private (for-profit) | 70.3 | 53.2 | 32.9 | 17.8 | |
Private (not-for-profit) * | 10.8 | 17.6 | 33.9 | 50.7 | |
Public | 18.9 | 29.2 | 33.2 | 31.5 | |
Geographic location, % | <0.001 | ||||
Northern | 24.5 | 36.2 | 39.6 | 37.4 | |
Central | 29.8 | 26.5 | 28.4 | 28.3 | |
Southern | 39.7 | 32.4 | 25.1 | 29.5 | |
Eastern | 6.0 | 4.9 | 6.9 | 4.7 | |
Patient No. by year of admission | <0.001 | ||||
2000-2001 | 129 | 578 | 929 | 2150 | |
2002-2003 | 102 | 410 | 1037 | 2689 | |
2004-2005 | 95 | 400 | 953 | 3520 | |
2006-2007 | 89 | 379 | 873 | 3544 | |
2008-2009 | 71 | 338 | 803 | 3462 | |
Patient characteristics | |||||
Median age (IQR), yr | 50 (38-70) | 52 (39-72) | 54 (41-73) | 57 (42-73) | <0.001 |
Male sex, % | 75.1 | 72.4 | 68.0 | 64.9 | <0.001 |
Urbanization, % | 0.039 | ||||
Urban | 45.8 | 49.8 | 49.9 | 50.8 | |
Suburban | 37.7 | 34.6 | 35.7 | 34.6 | |
Rural | 16.6 | 15.6 | 14.3 | 14.6 | |
Charlson Comorbid Index, % | 0.688 | ||||
0 | 15.6 | 20.6 | 21.1 | 24.9 | |
1 | 47.1 | 42.9 | 42.8 | 37.0 | |
2 | 24.9 | 23.4 | 20.8 | 21.5 | |
≥3 | 12.3 | 13.1 | 15.3 | 16.5 | |
Causes, % | <0.001 | ||||
Biliary stone | 10.3 | 15.0 | 16.6 | 17.1 | |
Alcohol abuse | 4.1 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 4.1 | |
Severity criteria | |||||
ICU admission | 24.5 | 37.1 | 45.4 | 49.7 | <0.001 |
Organ failure | 48.4 | 51.6 | 52.2 | 60.1 | <0.001 |
Gastrointestinal bleeding | 42.2 | 37.5 | 33.2 | 27.5 | <0.001 |
Local complications | 3.7 | 4.2 | 7.1 | 7.0 | <0.001 |
Treatments, % | |||||
Cholecystectomy † | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 0.001 |
Total parenteral nutrition | 1.9 | 2.7 | 6.7 | 12.7 | <0.001 |
Vasopressors | 14.8 | 18.2 | 21.3 | 26.1 | <0.001 |
Hemodialysis | 4.5 | 4.2 | `7.4 | 9.7 | <0.001 |
Mechanical ventilation | 17.5 | 18.2 | 22.4 | 30.0 | <0.001 |
Median hospital LOS (IQR), d | 6 (4-13) | 7 (3-13) | 8 (4-16) | 10 (5-20) | <0.001 |
Median hospital charges (IQR), USD | 515 (284-1736) | 713 (354-1845) | 1069 (510-2814) | 1715 (713-4619) | 0.044 |
Hospital mortality, % | 12.8 | 12.2 | 14.2 | 16.6 | <0.001 |