Antibiotic exposure and the development of coeliac disease: a nationwide case–control study

BMC Gastroenterology

Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of individuals with coeliac disease, small-intestinal inflammation, and normal small-intestinal mucosa ^a

	Coeliac disease	Inflammation	Normal mucosa^a
Total	2933	2118	620
Females (%)	1796 (61.2)	1336 (63.1)	396 (63.9)
Males (%)	1137 (38.8)	782 (36.9)	224 (36.1)
Age at study entry years (median; range)	28; 0-94	43; 0-98	36; 0-84
Age 0–19 (%)	1218 (41.5)	225 (10.6)	150 (24.2)
Age 20–39 (%)	566 (19.3)	684 (32.3)	202 (32.6)
Age 40–59 (%)	583 (19.9)	661 (31.2)	164 (26.5)
Age 60+ (%)	566 (19.3)	548 (25.9)	104 (16.8)
2005^b (%)	819 (27.9)	419 (19.8)	149 (24.0)
2006 (%)	1828 (62.3)	1074 (50.7)	304 (49.0)
2007 ^C (%)	274 (9.3)	582 (27.5)	167 (26.9)
2008 ^D (%)	12 (0.4)	43 (2.0)	-

^a Positive coeliac disease serology (IgA/IgG endomysial, tissue transglutaminase and antigliadin antibodies) 180 days before biopsy and until 30 days after biopsy in individuals with normal mucosa. Endomysial and tissue transglutaminase antibodies [IgA]: n = 139; Antigliadin antibodies [IgA/IgG] and endomysial and tissue transglutaminase antibodies [IgG]: n = 481.
^b Beginning of study period: July 1st 2005.
^c The majority of the pathology departments delivered data on individuals with small-intestinal pathology undergoing biopsy up to the beginning of year 2007. The remaining pathology departments reported histopathology data to the end of 2007 or very early 2008. For this reason, our data included fewer individuals with CD diagnosed in 2007 compared with 2006.
^D End of study period: January 29th 2008.
Reference individuals have not been included in the table because their age, sex and entry year distributions were identical to those of the individuals undergoing biopsy (due to matching).

ISSN: 1471-230X