T2D GERD patients | Non-diabetic GERD patients | OR (95% CI) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
n = 65 | n = 130 | |||
Upper GI endoscopy | ||||
Hiatal hernia (n [%]) | 39 [60.0] | 118 [90.8] | 0.49 (0.23;0.98) | <0.001 |
Oesophagitis (n [%]) | 30 [46.2] | 43 [33.1] | 1.86 (1.01;3.43) | n.s. |
Barrett metaplasia (n [%]) | 11 [16.9] | 35 [26.9] | 0.58 (0.27;123) | n.s. |
Histology | ||||
Esophagitis (n [%]) | 38 [58.5] | 73 [56.2] | 1.32 (0.73;2.42) | n.s. |
Barrett metaplasia (n [%]) | 14 [21.5] | 23 [17.7] | 1.42 (0.67;3.02) | n.s. |
Low-grade dysplasia (n [%]) | 7 [10.8] | 5 [3.8] | 3.80 (1.07;13.51) | n.s. |
High-grade dysplasia (n [%]) | 1 [1.5] | 0 [0] | 3.28*e9 (0;inf) | n.s. |
Helicobacter pylori (n [%]) | 17 [26.2] | 10 [7.7] | 4.72 (1.97;11.32) | 0.001 |
Manometry | ||||
LES pressure (mm Hg, median [IQR]) | 10.0 [6.1;15.0] # | 7.2 [3.7;11.7] | 1.06 (1.01;1.12) | 0.016 |
Absent or decreased peristalsis (n [%]) | 16 [27.6] # | 23 [17.8] + | 1.76 (0.85;3.65) | n.s. |
Twenty-four-hour oesophageal pH-monitoring | ||||
DeMeester score (median [IQR]) | 24.6 [12.1;45.2] | 29.7 [21.0;44.6] | 0.99 (0.79;1.01) | n.s. |
Total relax. time (%, median [IQR]) | 6.7 [4.0;11.5] | 6.9 [4.6;12.5] | 0.99 (0.67;1.47) | n.s. |
Upright relax. time (%, median [IQR]) | 7.2 [4.1;13.2] | 8.3 [4.7;14.0] | 0.99 (0.96;1.03) | n.s. |
Lying relax. time (%, median [IQR]) | 3.1 [0.0;12.8] | 3.4 [0.6;8.6] | 1.01 (0.97;1.04) | n.s. |
Barium esophagogram | ||||
Hiatal hernia (n [%]) | 32 [49.2] | 92 [70.8] | 0.52 (0.28;0.96) | 0.035 |
Reflux (n [%]) | 28 [43.1] | 68 [52.3] | 0.81 (0.44;1.42) | n.s. |