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Table 2 Clinical characteristics of gastric lesions in patients with gastric neoplasms

From: Risk factors for early and delayed post-operative bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastric neoplasms, including patients with continued use of antithrombotic agents

 

Total n = 425

Post-operative bleeding n = 20

No post-operative bleeding n = 405

p-value

Sex (male/female)

302/123

18/2

284/121

n. s.*

Age (years, mean ± SD)

72.1 ± 8.6

71.9 ± 10.0

72.1 ± 8.5

n. s.**

Tumor location (n, %)

    

 Upper

65 (15)

3 (15)

62 (15)

n. s.*

 Middle

179 (42)

6 (30)

173 (43)

n. s.*

 Lower

181 (43)

11 (55)

170 (42)

n. s.*

Tumor size (mm, mean ± SD)

18.4 ± 12.6

29.6 ± 21.8

17.8 ± 11.7

<0.05**

Specimen size (mm, mean ± SD)

33.9 ± 13.3

41.3 ± 17.6

33.6 ± 12.9

0.07**

Invasion depth

    

 M

396

18

378

n. s.*

 SM1

15

1

14

n. s.*

 SM2

14

1

13

n. s.*

Ulceration (+/-)

418/7

19/1

399/6

n. s.*

Medication used (n, %)

    

 Continued use of LDA

21 (9)

2 (10)

19 (5)

n. s.*

 Continued use of LDA + heparin replacement

4 (1)

1 (5)

3 (0.7)

n. s.*

 Heparin replacement

21 (5)

5 (25)

16 (4)

<0.05*

 Cessation of antithrombotic agent during ESD procedure

41 (9)

2 (10)

39 (10)

n. s.*

Comorbidity (n, %)

    

 Liver cirrhosis

20 (5)

2 (10)

18 (4)

n. s.*

 CKD undergoing hemodialysis

20 (5)

4 (20)

16 (4)

<0.05*

 Second-look endoscopy (+/-)

356/69

19/1

337/68

n. s.*

  1. LDA: Low-dose aspirin.
  2. CKD: Chronic kidney disease.
  3. *Chi-square test.
  4. **Unpaired t-test.
  5. n.s.: not significant.