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Table 5 Univariate and multivariate analyses of risk factors associated with delayed post-Operative bleeding

From: Risk factors for early and delayed post-operative bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastric neoplasms, including patients with continued use of antithrombotic agents

 

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

Risk factor

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

Male gender (vs. Female)

3.38 (0.41-27.32)

0.25

  

Age ≥70 years (vs. ≤69 years)

0.67 (0.17-2.53)

0.55

  

Tumor location Lower (vs. Upper and Middle)

1.05 (0.28-3.99)

0.55

  

Continued use of LDA

1.98 (0.23-16.4)

0.52

  

Continued use of LDA + heparin replacement

N/A

N/A

  

Heparin replacement

13.89 (3.48-55.39)

 <0.01*

12.23 (2.63-56.77)

 <0.01*

Cessation of antithrombotic agent during ESD procedure (vs. No antithrombotic therapy)

N/A

N/A

  

Liver cirrhosis

1.67 (0.20-13.9)

0.63

  

CKD undergoing hemodialysis

33.16 (6.67-164.82)

 <0.01*

28.35 (4.67-172.11)

 <0.01*

Specimen size ≥40 mm (vs. < 40 mm)

0.92 (0.19-4.55)

0.92

  

Procedure time ≥90 min (vs. < 90 min)

2.56 (0.67-9.78)

0.16

  

Second-look endoscopy (vs. No second-look endoscopy)

N/A

N/A

  
  1. OR: Odds ratio.
  2. CI: Confidence interval.
  3. LDA: Low-dose aspirin.
  4. CKD: Chronic kidney disease.
  5. N/A: Not applicable.
  6. *p<0.05.