Fig. 5

a The comparison between the vaptans groups and placebo groups about the total adverse events. Studies are identified by the first author’s name and year of publication. The data of intervention groups would be gathered up as one to make the comparison if there are several dose groups comparing with one control group. The Risk Ratios are pooled using the fixed effects model. Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval. b The comparison between the vaptans groups and placebo groups about the serious adverse events. Studies are identified by the first author’s name and year of publication. The data of intervention groups would be gathered up as one to make the comparison if there are several dose groups comparing with one control group. The Risk Ratios are pooled using the fixed effects model. Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval. c The comparison between the vaptans groups and placebo groups about the incidence rate of deterioration of liver function events. Studies are identified by the first author’s name and year of publication. The data of intervention groups would be gathered up as one to make the comparison if there are several dose groups comparing with one control group. The Risk Ratios are pooled using the fixed effects model. Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval