Fig. 4From: Lamina propria macrophage phenotypes in relation to Escherichia coli in Crohn’s diseaseE. coli-laden macrophages express a similar phenotype in inflamed and uninflamed tissue high IL-10 (c), CD163 (d), lower TNFα (a) and IL-23 (b). E. coli-unladen macrophages express a proinflammatory phenotype in inflamed tissue high TNFα (a), and IL-23 (b), lower IL-10 (c), CD163 (d) but in uninflamed tissue express cytokine mRNA expression nearer to that of healthy controls (dotted line = healthy control median mRNA expression). MØ = macrophage. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001. Paired t tests used for within subjects statistical analysis. Presence or absence of inflammation determined by macroscopic appearance at endoscopyBack to article page