Skip to main content

Table 2 The association between dietary habits and GERD in study participants

From: Dietary habits and obesity indices in patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease: a comparative cross-sectional study

Variable

Total N = 505

GERD N = 285

Non- GERD N = 220

P-value*

N

%

N

%

N

%

Numbers of meals consumed daily(meals/d)

  < 3

185

36.6

107

37.5

78

35.5

0.62

  ≥ 3

320

63.4

178

62.5

142

64.5

Time interval between the last meal and sleep (hours)

  < 2

247

48.9

146

51.2

101

45.9

0.23

  ≥ 2

258

51.1

139

48.8

119

54.1

Resting immediately after the main meals

 Yes

335

66.3

186

65.3

149

67.7

0.56

 No

170

33.7

99

34.7

71

32.3

Large portion-size meals (times/wk)

  < 2

236

46.7

123

43.2

113

51.4

0.06

  ≥ 2

269

53.3

162

56.8

107

48.6

Fast foods intake (times/wk)

  < 2

468

92.7

267

93.7

201

91.4

0.32

  ≥ 2

37

7.3

18

6.3

19

8.6

Spicy foods intake (times/wk)

  < 2

271

53.7

152

53.3

119

54.1

0.86

  ≥ 2

234

46.3

133

46.7

101

45.9

Chocolate intake (times/wk)

  < 2

324

64.2

179

62.8

145

65.9

0.47

  ≥ 2

181

35.8

106

37.2

75

34.1

Tea intake

 None

38

7.5

20

7

18

8.2

0.54

 Just before meals

109

21.6

67

23.5

42

19.1

 Just after meals

98

19.4

51

17.9

47

21.4

 Between meals

260

51.5

147

51.6

113

51.4

Coffee intake

 None

474

93.9

272

95.4

202

91.8

0.18

 Just before OR after meals

12

2.4

4

1.4

8

3.6

 Between meals

19

3.8

9

3.2

10

4.5

Citrus intake

 None

360

71.3

195

68.4

165

75

0.08

 Just before OR after meals

52

10.3

28

9.8

24

10.9

 Between meals

93

18.4

62

21.8

31

14.1

Carbonated drinks intake

 None

217

43

127

44.6

90

40.9

0.16

 Within meals

234

46.3

134

47

100

45.5

 Between meals

54

10.7

24

8.4

30

13.6

  1. *p-values was derived from Chi-square test