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Fig. 1 | BMC Gastroenterology

Fig. 1

From: Clinical characteristics of hepatic Arterioportal shunts associated with hepatocellular carcinoma

Fig. 1

A. A patient with tumor thrombus and A-P shunt. (A1) Liver CT image showed the presence of right portal vein tumor thrombus. Arteries around the tumor thrombus were filled with contrast agent, suggesting the presence of A-P shunt. The intra-luminal filling of embolus indicated the internal blood flow. (A2) Early phase hepatic angiography showed ‘thread and streaks’ signs, corresponding to the blood spaces and vessels, which run longitudinally in and around the tumor thrombus. (A3) Late phase hepatic angiography showed that the blood flow of the tumor thrombus reached the portal vein, leading to the enhancement of portal vein. B. CT images of another patient with tumor thrombus and A-P shunt. (B1) CT image showed tumor thrombus in the right portal vein branch. Staining of the arteries around thrombus suggested the presence of A-P shunt. (B2) Early phase hepatic angiography showed the hepatic arteries run longitudinally in the hepatic portal vein. (B3) Late phase hepatic angiography: blood vessels in the embolus showed ‘tread and streaks’ signs. Enhancement of the left branch of the portal vein and segment of portal vein proximal to the embolus

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