From: Risk factor for steatorrhea in pediatric chronic pancreatitis patients
Predictors | n (%) | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
P | HR (95%CI) | P | HR (95%CI) | ||
Gender (male) | 1161 (72.6%) | < 0.001 | 2.502 (1.639–3.820) | < 0.001 | 2.694 (1.756–4.133) |
Age at the onset of CP, ya | 42.777 ± 13.997 | 0.429 | 0.996 (0.984–1.007) |  |  |
Age at the diagnosis of CP, ya | 46.798 ± 13.333 | < 0.001 | 0.972 (0.961–0.984) | < 0.001 | 0.966 (0.953–0.978) |
Smoking history | 608 (38.0%) | 0.188 | 1.222 (0.907–1.645) |  |  |
Alcohol consumption | Â | 0.098 | Â | Â | Â |
 0 g/d | 1000 (62.5%) | Control |  |  | |
 0-20 g/d | 49 (3.1%) | 0.481 | 0.661 (0.209–2.089) |  |  |
 20-80 g/d | 202 (12.6%) | 0.129 | 1.386 (0.909–2.144) |  |  |
  > 80 g/d | 349 (21.8%) | 0.036 | 1.437 (1.024–2.016) |  |  |
Body mass indexa | 25.316 ± 96.332 | 0.882 | 0.996 (0.942–1.052) |  |  |
Etiology | Â | 0.018 | Â | 0.143 | Â |
 ICP | 1207 (75.4%) | Control | Control | ||
 ACP | 338 (21.1%) | 0.037 | 1.414 (1.021–1.956) | 0.219 |  |
 Abnormal anatomy of pancreatic duct | 30 (1.9%) | 0.373 | 0.530 (0.131–2.146) | 0.658 |  |
 HCP | 11 (0.7%) | 0.962 | 0.000 (0.000–3.933E182) | 0.345 |  |
 Post-traumatic CP | 7 (0.4%) | 0.003 | 8.514 (2.088–34.720) | 0.041 |  |
 Hyperlipidemic CP | 7 (0.4%) | 0.952 | 0.000 (0.000–1.191E142) | 0.178 |  |
Initial manifestations |  | < 0.001 |  | < 0.001 |  |
 Abdominal pain | 1371 (85.7%) | < 0.001 | 0.401 (0.253–0.636) | < 0.001 | 0.308 (0.192–0.494) |
 Endocrine dysfunction | 104 (6.5%) | 0.130 | 0.604 (0.315–1.160) | 0.059 | 0.491 (0.235–1.027) |
 Others | 125 (7.8%) | Control | Control | ||
Pancreatic stonesbc | 1114 (69.6%) | 0.830 | 0.966 (0.701–1.330) |  |  |
Biliary strictureb | 124 (7.8%) | 0.097 | 1.512 (0.928–2.463) |  |  |
DMb | 265 (16.6%) | 0.031 | 1.450 (1.034–2.035) | 0.029 | 1.558 (1.047–2.319) |
Pancreatic pseudocystb | 123 (7.7%) | 0.355 | 1.284 (0.756–2.180) |  |  |
Morphology of MPD | Â | 0.063 | Â | Â | Â |
 Pancreatic stone alone | 394 (24.6%) | 0.047 | 1.837 (1.009–3.343) |  |  |
 MPD stenosis alone | 495 (30.9%) | 0.016 | 2.033 (1.144–3.613) |  |  |
 MPD stenosis and stone | 506 (31.6%) | 0.194 | 1.483 (0.818–2.687) |  |  |
 Complex pathologic changes | 205 (12.8%) | Control |  |  | |
Type of painb | Â | 0.086 | Â | Â | Â |
 Recurrent acute pancreatitis | 472 (29.5%) | 0.007 | 0.534 (0.339–0.843) |  |  |
 Recurrent pain | 438 (27.4%) | 0.048 | 0.636 (0.406–0.996) |  |  |
 Recurrent acute pancreatitis and pain | 388 (24.3%) | 0.021 | 0.578 (0.364–0.919) |  |  |
 Chronic pain | 62 (3.9%) | 0.206 | 0.543 (0.211–1.398) |  |  |
 Without pain | 240 (15.0%) | Control |  |  | |
Severe acute pancreatitisb | 50 (3.1%) | 0.061 | 0.153 (0.021–1.091) |  |  |
Pancreatic duct successful drainagebd | 223 (13.9%) | 0.987 | 1.004 (0.648–1.555) |  |  |
Treatment strategy | Â | 0.698 | Â | Â | Â |
 Endotherapy alone | 120 (7.5%) | 0.657 | 0.871 (0.472–1.607) |  |  |
 Surgery alone | 87 (5.4%) | 0.282 | 1.400 (0.758–2.585) |  |  |
 Both endotherapy and surgery | 14 (0.9%) | 0.951 | 0.000 (0.000–3.013E148) |  |  |
 Conservative treatment | 1379 (86.2%) | Control |  |  | |
DM in first−/second−/third-degree relatives | 76 (4.8%) | 0.241 | 0.587 (0.241–1.429) |  |  |
Pancreatic diseases in first−/second−/third-degree relatives (excluding hereditary CP) | 16 (1.0%) | 0.691 | 0.671 (0.094–4.793) |  |  |