Table 1 Demographic characteristics and initial clinical condition
From: Evaluation of clinical risk factors for developing pleural empyema secondary to liver abscess
Variables | Pt. PE (−) (N = 120) | Pt. PE (+) (N = 114) | Total (N = 234) | P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pt. with simple PE (N = 78) | Pt. with complicated PE (N = 36) | Total (N = 114) | P-value | |||||||
Group1 (N = 120) | Group2 (N = 78) | Group3 (N = 26) | Group4 (N = 10) | Total (N = 36) | P-value | |||||
Age | 61.0 ± 14.1 | 63.6 ± 16.1 | 63.0 ± 14.0 | 60.2 ± 14.5 | 60.7 ± 12.54 | 0.892 | 63.1 ± 14.96 | 0.234 | 62.0 ± 14.54 | 0.627 |
Gender, male | 78 (65.0) | 51 (65.4) | 17 (65.4) | 4 (40.0) | 21 (58.3) | 0.260 | 72 (63.2) | 0.533 | 150 (64.1) | 0.299 |
Smoking | 0.234 | 0.668 | 0.763 | |||||||
None | 79 (65.8) | 54 (62.9) | 19 (73.1) | 7 (70.0) | 26 (72.2) | 80 (70.2) | 159 (67.9) | |||
Ex-smoker | 16 (13.3) | 11 (14.1) | 1 (3.8) | 2 (20.0) | 3 (8.3) | 14 (12.3) | 30 (12.8) | |||
Current smoker | 25 (20.8) | 13 (16.7) | 6 (23.1) | 1 (10.0) | 7 (19.4) | 20 (17.5) | 45 (19.2) | |||
Alcohol consumption (times/week) | 0.712 | 0.335 | 0.618 | |||||||
None | 73 (60.8) | 41 (56.2) | 15 (57.7) | 6 (60.0) | 21 (58.3) | 65 (57.0) | 138 (56.0) | |||
> 2 | 23 (19.2) | 14 (19.2) | 8 (30.8) | 2 (20.0) | 10 (27.8) | 26 (22.8) | 49 (20.9) | |||
2 ≤ and < 5 | 14 (11.7) | 12 (16.4) | 3 (11.5) | 2 (20.0) | 5 (13.9) | 17 (14.9) | 31 (13.2) | |||
5 ≤ | 10 (8.3) | 6 (8.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (5.3) | 16 (6.85) | |||
Underlying disease | ||||||||||
Diabetes mellitus | 42 (35) | 32 (41.0) | 11 (42.3) | 3 (30.0) | 14 (38.9) | 0.706 | 46 (40.4) | 1.000 | 88 (37.6) | 0.420 |
HbA1c | 7.5 ± 2.5 | 7.6 ± 2.2 | 8.3 ± 2.8 | 6.6 ± 1.6 | 7.8 ± 2.5 | 0.645 | 7.7 ± 2.3 | 0.991 | 7.6 ± 2.4 | 0.876 |
Hypertension | 52 (43.3) | 38 (36.2) | 10 (38.5) | 5 (50.0) | 15 (14.3) | 0.469 | 53 (46.5) | 0.547 | 105 (44.9) | 0.694 |
Liver cirrhosis | 3 (2.5) | 2 (2.6) | 1 (3.8) | 0 | 1 (2.8) | 1.000 | 3 (2.6) | 1.000 | 6 (2.6) | 1.000 |
HBV carrier | 3 (2.5) | 3 (3.8) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.682 | 3 (2.5) | 0.550 | 6 (2.6) | 1.000 |
Chronic Kidney disease | 4 (3.4) | 6 (7.7) | 2 (7.7) | 2 (20.0) | 4 (11.1) | 0.198 | 10 (8.8) | 0.723 | 14 (6.0) | 0.101 |
Heart disease | 1 (0.8) | 7 (9.0) | 4 (15.4) | 1 (10.0) | 5 (13.9) | 1.000 | 12 (10.5) | 0.514 | 13 (5.6) | 0.001 |
Charlson comorbidity Index | 2.5 ± 1.7 | 2.9 ± 1.8 | 2.9 ± 1.4 | 1.9 ± 1.5 | 2.7 ± 1.7 | 0.055 | 2.7 ± 1.7 | 0.236 | 2.7 ± 1.7 | 0.144 |
Combined inflammatory condition | ||||||||||
Biliary tract inflammation | 23 (19.2) | 25 (32.1) | 6 (23.1) | 6 (60.0) | 12 (33.3) | 0.053 | 37 (32.5) | 1.000 | 60 (25.6) | 0.025 |
Urinary tract infection | 8 (6.7) | 15 (19.2) | 3 (11.5) | 3 (30.0) | 6 (16.7) | 0.317 | 21 (18.4) | 0.801 | 29 (12.4) | 0.022 |
Acute kidney injury | 6 (5.0) | 11 (14.1) | 1 (3.8) | 3 (30.0) | 4 (11.1) | 0.057 | 15 (13.2) | 0.500 | 21 (9.0) | 0.038 |
Rupture of Abscess | 2 (1.7) | 2 (2.7) | 0 | 2 (20.0) | 2 (5.6) | 0.071 | 4 (3.5) | 0.590 | 6 (2.6) | 0.437 |
Metastatic infection | ||||||||||
Sepsis | 7 (5.8) | 18 (23.1) | 2 (7.7) | 3 (30.0) | 5 (13.9) | 0.119 | 23 (20.2) | 0.321 | 30 (12.8) | 0.001 |
Pneumonia | 4 (3.3) | 5 (6.4) | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | 5 (4.4) | 0.178 | 9 (3.8) | 0.744 |
Endophthalmitis | 2 (1.7) | 5 (6.4) | 2 (7.7) | 0 | 2 (5.6) | 1.000 | 7 (6.1) | 1.000 | 9 (3.8) | 0.095 |
Septic pulmonary emboli | 3 (2.5) | 2 (2.6) | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | 2 (1.8) | 1.000 | 5 (2.1) | 1.000 |
Peritonitis | 5 (4.2) | 6 (7.7) | 1 (3.8) | 1 (10.0) | 2 (5.6) | 0.484 | 8 (7.0) | 1.000 | 13 (5.6) | 0.401 |
Perirenal abscess | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.3) | 1 (3.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.8) | 1.000 | 2 (1.8) | 0.534 | 3 (1.3) | 0.614 |
Psoas muscle abscess | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.3) | 0 | 1 (10.0) | 1 (2.8) | 0.278 | 2 (1.8) | 0.534 | 3 (1.3) | 0.614 |
Splenic abscess | 1 (0.8) | 2 (2.6) | 0 | 1 (10.0) | 1 (2.8) | 0.278 | 3 (2.6) | 1.000 | 4 (1.7) | 0.359 |
Prostate abscess | 2 (1.7) | 4 (5.1) | 3 (11.5) | 0 | 3 (8.3) | 0.545 | 7 (6.1) | 0.677 | 9 (3.8) | 0.095 |
Paravertebral abscess | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | 1 (0.9) | 1.000 | 2 (0.9) | 1.000 |
Total | 14 (11.7) | 19 (24.4) | 5 (19.2) | 3 (30.0) | 8 (23.7) | 0.658 | 27 (23.7) | 1.000 | 41 (17.5) | 0.017 |
Combined ascites | 0.320 | 0.513 | < 0.000 | |||||||
None | 102 (85.0) | 46 (59.0) | 15 (57.7) | 5 (50.0) | 20 (55.6) | 66 (57.9) | 168 (71.8) | |||
Small (< 500 cc) | 15 (12.5) | 21 (26.9) | 9 (34.6) | 4 (40.0) | 13 (36.1) | 34 (29.8) | 49 (20.9) | |||
Moderate | 1 (0.8) | 10 (12.8) | 2 (7.7) | 0 | 2 (5.6) | 12 (10.5) | 13 (5.6) | |||
Large (> 1000 cc) | 2 (1.7) | 1 (1.3) | 0 | 1 (10.0) | 1 (2.8) | 2 (1.8) | 4 (1.7) | |||
Reactive lymph nodes | 36 (30.0) | 17 (21.8) | 8 (30.8) | 3 (30.0) | 11 (30.6) | 1.000 | 28 (24.6) | 0.353 | 64 (27.4) | 0.381 |
Admission route | 0.689 | 0.500 | 0.014 | |||||||
Outpatients department | 37 (30.8) | 9 (11.5) | 8 (30.8) | 2 (20.0) | 10 (27.8) | 19 (16.7) | 56 (23.9) | |||
Emergency department | 83 (69.2) | 69 (88.5) | 18 (69.2) | 8 (80.0) | 26 (72.2) | 95 (83.3) | 178 (76.1) | |||
Admission ward | 0.224 | 0.055 | ||||||||
General ward | 113 (94.2) | 55 (75.3) | 20 (76.9) | 5 (50.0) | 25 (69.4) | 84 (73.7) | 197 (84.2) | < 0.001 | ||
Intensive care unit | 7 (5.8) | 18 (24.7) | 6 (23.1) | 5 (50.0) | 11 (30.6) | 30 (26.3) | 37 (15.8) | |||