Anthropometric, biochemical and clinical assessment of malnutrition among Egyptian children with chronic liver diseases: a single institutional cross-sectional study

Table 5 Mean anthropometric parameter Z scores, Insulin Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) and 25-hydroxy vitamin D in relation to Child Pugh Classes in chronic liver disease patients

Anthropometric^ǂ Indicators	Mean ± SD of anthropometric indicators Z scores			P value
Anthropometric^ǂ Indicators	Child Pugh A (n = 17)	Child Pugh B (n = 35)	Child Pugh C (n = 17)	P value
WAZ	−1.04 ± 0.8 ^ab	−2.5 ± 1.4 ^b	− 3.3 ± 1.4 ^a	< 0.001*
HAZ or (LAZ)	− 1.33 ± 1.6 ^a	− 2.3 ± 1.5 ^b	−2.7 ± 1.5 ^a	< 0.05*
W/HZ or (W/LZ)	− 0.49 ± 1.4 ^a	−1.5 ± 1.6 ^b	−1.8 ± 1.3 ^a	< 0.05*
MUACZ	−1.4 ± 0.96 ^a	−3.5 ± 2.2 ^a	−5.3 ± 1.9 ^a	< 0.00*
TSFZ	−0.73 ± 1.1 ^ab	−1.6 ± 1.6 ^b	− 3.6 ± 1.5 ^a	< 0.00*
UAAZ	− 1.8 ± 0.9 ^a	−3.1 ± 1.5 ^a	−4.4 ± 1.3 ^a	< 0.001*
AMAZ	−1.3 ± 0.6 ^a	− 2.6 ± 1.5 ^a	− 3.6 ± 1.4 ^a	< 0.001*
AFAZ	−1.4 ± 0.8 ^a	−1.9 ± 1.3 ^b	−3.3 ± 0.9 ^ab	< 0.001*
HCZ	− 1.2 ± 0.9 ^ab	− 2.3 ± 1.2 ^b	− 2.2 ± 1.1 ^a	< 0.05*
IGF-1* (ng/ml)	28.1 ± 6.2 (17–28)	25.2 ± 4.7 (19–38.6)	22.3 ± 3.6 (15–26)	< 0.004**
25-hydroxy vitamin D* (ng/ml)	28.6 ± 5.7 (17.3–37)	23.4 ± 5.8 (13.3–33.5)	19.7 ± 4 (15.2–26.4)	< 0.001**

AFAZ arm fat area z score; AMAZ arm muscle area z score; HAZ Height for age z score; HCZ head circumference z score (only for children < 2 years); MUCZ mid-upper arm circumference z score; TSFZ triceps skinfold z score; WAZ Weight for age z score; W/HZ Weight/Height z score; UAAZ upper arm area z score.* P value is significant < 0.05; highly significant at < 0.001. a,b,c Within anthropometric parameter for each group, mean values that share the same superscript letter are statistically significantly different from each other. ^ǂ All anthropometric indicators are calculated for age

ISSN: 1471-230X