From: Waist-to-height ratio and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults
 | WHtR quintile | P-trend | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1(≥ 0.28, ≤ 0.42) | Q2(> 0.42, ≤ 0.45) | Q3(> 0.45 ≤ 0.47) | Q4(> 0.47, ≤ 0.50) | Q5 (> 0.50, ≤ 0.79) | ||
No. of participants | 2850 | 2849 | 2851 | 2848 | 2853 | Â |
Age | 39 (35–45) | 40 (36–47) | 42 (37–49) | 44 (38–52) | 46.00 (40–54) |  < 0.01 |
Sex (male) | 962 (33.75%) | 1313 (46.09%) | 1624 (56.96%) | 1792 (62.92%) | 1720 (60.29%) |  < 0.01 |
NAFLD | 12 (0.42%) | 97 (3.40%) | 312 (10.94%) | 731 (25.67%) | 1355 (47.49%) |  < 0.01 |
Habit of exercise | 522 (18.32%) | 555 (19.48%) | 511 (17.92%) | 480 (16.85%) | 402 (14.09%) |  < 0.01 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 18.76 ± 1.47 | 20.47 ± 1.46 | 21.77 ± 1.60 | 23.27 ± 1.76 | 26.05 ± 2.90 |  < 0.01 |
Height (cm) | 164.03 ± 8.31 | 164.69 ± 8.51 | 165.50 ± 8.46 | 165.70 ± 8.38 | 164.07 ± 8.61 | 0.03 |
Weight (kg) | 49.7 (45.4–55.5) | 55.2 (49.4–61.6) | 60.00 (53.2–66.4) | 64.40 (56.9–71.1) | 69.60 (61.8–78.4) |  < 0.01 |
WC (cm) | 65.28 ± 4.28 | 71.26 ± 3.97 | 75.91 ± 4.06 | 80.53 ± 4.33 | 87.93 ± 6.68 |  < 0.01 |
ALT (IU/L) | 14 (11–18) | 15 (12–19) | 17.00 (12–22) | 18 (14–25) | 22 (16–32) |  < 0.01 |
AST (IU/L) | 16 (13–19) | 16 (13–20) | 17.00 (14–20) | 18 (14–21) | 19 (16–24) |  < 0.01 |
GGT (IU/L) | 12.00 (10–15) | 13 (10–17) | 15 (11–21) | 17 (12–24) | 20 (14–29) |  < 0.01 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.67 ± 0.40 | 1.56 ± 0.38 | 1.45 ± 0.39 | 1.35 ± 0.37 | 1.27 ± 0.34 |  < 0.01 |
TC (mmol/L) | 4.85 ± 0.82 | 4.95 ± 0.81 | 5.12 ± 0.84 | 5.24 ± 0.86 | 5.45 ± 0.88 |  < 0.01 |
TG (mmol/L) | 0.53 (0.38–0.71) | 0.60 (0.43–0.86) | 0.73 (0.50–1.05) | 0.88 (0.61–1.32) | 1.06 (0.71–1.55) |  < 0.01 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.10 (4.90–5.30) | 5.10 (4.90–5.40) | 5.15 (5.00–5.40) | 5.20 (5.00–5.40) | 5.25 (5.10–5.50) |  < 0.01 |
FPG (mmol/L) | 4.97 ± 0.40 | 5.05 ± 0.39 | 5.17 ± 0.39 | 5.24 ± 0.40 | 5.32 ± 0.38 |  < 0.01 |
SBP (mmHg) | 106.16 ± 12.56) | 109.57 ± 12.55 | 113.72 ± 13.49 | 117.05 ± 13.64 | 123.16 ± 15.52 |  < 0.01 |
DBP (mmHg) | 65.89 ± 8.59 | 67.91 ± 8.91 | 70.94 ± 9.64 | 73.45 ± 9.88 | 77.41 ± 10.63 |  < 0.01 |
Smoking status |  |  |  |  |  |  < 0.01 |
 Non | 2081 (73.02%) | 1848 (64.86%) | 1681 (58.96%) | 1530 (53.72%) | 1606 (56.29%) |  |
 Former | 298 (10.46%) | 444 (15.58%) | 558 (19.57%) | 658 (23.10%) | 601 (21.07%) |  |
 Current | 471 (16.53%) | 557 (19.55%) | 612 (21.47%) | 660 (23.17%) | 646 (22.64%) |  |
Drinking status |  |  |  |  |  |  < 0.01 |
 Non or small (< 40 g/w) | 2522 (88.49%) | 2399 (84.20%) | 2285 (80.15%) | 2256 (79.21%) | 2343 (82.12% |  |
 Light (40–139 g/w) | 264 (9.26%) | 338 (11.86%) | 404 (14.17%) | 402 (14.12%) | 350 (12.27%) |  |
 Moderate (140–209 g/w) | 64 (2.25%) | 112 (3.93%) | 162 (5.68%) | 190 (6.67%) | 160 (5.61%) |  |