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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of five groups

From: Waist-to-height ratio and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults

 

WHtR quintile

P-trend

Q1(≥ 0.28, ≤ 0.42)

Q2(> 0.42, ≤ 0.45)

Q3(> 0.45 ≤ 0.47)

Q4(> 0.47, ≤ 0.50)

Q5 (> 0.50, ≤ 0.79)

No. of participants

2850

2849

2851

2848

2853

 

Age

39 (35–45)

40 (36–47)

42 (37–49)

44 (38–52)

46.00 (40–54)

 < 0.01

Sex (male)

962 (33.75%)

1313 (46.09%)

1624 (56.96%)

1792 (62.92%)

1720 (60.29%)

 < 0.01

NAFLD

12 (0.42%)

97 (3.40%)

312 (10.94%)

731 (25.67%)

1355 (47.49%)

 < 0.01

Habit of exercise

522 (18.32%)

555 (19.48%)

511 (17.92%)

480 (16.85%)

402 (14.09%)

 < 0.01

BMI (kg/m2)

18.76 ± 1.47

20.47 ± 1.46

21.77 ± 1.60

23.27 ± 1.76

26.05 ± 2.90

 < 0.01

Height (cm)

164.03 ± 8.31

164.69 ± 8.51

165.50 ± 8.46

165.70 ± 8.38

164.07 ± 8.61

0.03

Weight (kg)

49.7 (45.4–55.5)

55.2 (49.4–61.6)

60.00 (53.2–66.4)

64.40 (56.9–71.1)

69.60 (61.8–78.4)

 < 0.01

WC (cm)

65.28 ± 4.28

71.26 ± 3.97

75.91 ± 4.06

80.53 ± 4.33

87.93 ± 6.68

 < 0.01

ALT (IU/L)

14 (11–18)

15 (12–19)

17.00 (12–22)

18 (14–25)

22 (16–32)

 < 0.01

AST (IU/L)

16 (13–19)

16 (13–20)

17.00 (14–20)

18 (14–21)

19 (16–24)

 < 0.01

GGT (IU/L)

12.00 (10–15)

13 (10–17)

15 (11–21)

17 (12–24)

20 (14–29)

 < 0.01

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.67 ± 0.40

1.56 ± 0.38

1.45 ± 0.39

1.35 ± 0.37

1.27 ± 0.34

 < 0.01

TC (mmol/L)

4.85 ± 0.82

4.95 ± 0.81

5.12 ± 0.84

5.24 ± 0.86

5.45 ± 0.88

 < 0.01

TG (mmol/L)

0.53 (0.38–0.71)

0.60 (0.43–0.86)

0.73 (0.50–1.05)

0.88 (0.61–1.32)

1.06 (0.71–1.55)

 < 0.01

HbA1c (%)

5.10 (4.90–5.30)

5.10 (4.90–5.40)

5.15 (5.00–5.40)

5.20 (5.00–5.40)

5.25 (5.10–5.50)

 < 0.01

FPG (mmol/L)

4.97 ± 0.40

5.05 ± 0.39

5.17 ± 0.39

5.24 ± 0.40

5.32 ± 0.38

 < 0.01

SBP (mmHg)

106.16 ± 12.56)

109.57 ± 12.55

113.72 ± 13.49

117.05 ± 13.64

123.16 ± 15.52

 < 0.01

DBP (mmHg)

65.89 ± 8.59

67.91 ± 8.91

70.94 ± 9.64

73.45 ± 9.88

77.41 ± 10.63

 < 0.01

Smoking status

     

 < 0.01

 Non

2081 (73.02%)

1848 (64.86%)

1681 (58.96%)

1530 (53.72%)

1606 (56.29%)

 

 Former

298 (10.46%)

444 (15.58%)

558 (19.57%)

658 (23.10%)

601 (21.07%)

 

 Current

471 (16.53%)

557 (19.55%)

612 (21.47%)

660 (23.17%)

646 (22.64%)

 

Drinking status

     

 < 0.01

 Non or small (< 40 g/w)

2522 (88.49%)

2399 (84.20%)

2285 (80.15%)

2256 (79.21%)

2343 (82.12%

 

 Light (40–139 g/w)

264 (9.26%)

338 (11.86%)

404 (14.17%)

402 (14.12%)

350 (12.27%)

 

 Moderate (140–209 g/w)

64 (2.25%)

112 (3.93%)

162 (5.68%)

190 (6.67%)

160 (5.61%)

 
  1. Values were expressed as mean ± SD or n (%)
  2. NAFLD nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, GGT gamma-glutamyl transferase, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, FPG fasting plasma glucose, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure