Table 2 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with H. pylori positive and negative

Gender

 Men

0.78 (0.46–1.31)

0.51 (0.20–1.33)

 Women

Ref

Ref

Age group

 < 35

1.25 (0.80–2.87)

0.72 (0.20–2.54)

 35–45

0.60 (0.29–1.21)

2.47 (0.81–7.53)

 > 45

Ref

Ref

BMI

 < 18.5

N/A

N/A

 18.5–24.9

1.52 (0.57–4.07)

1.76 (0.44–7.00)

 25–29.9

1.32 (0.57–3.04)

1.82 (0.61–5.35)

 > 30

Ref

Ref

Number of family member

 < 3

0.62 (0.36–1.06)

0.74 (0.35–1.56)

 > 3

Ref

Ref

Smoking

 Yes

0.73 (0.42–1.27)

0.68 (0.29–1.62)

 No

Ref

Ref

Alcohol drink

 Yes

1.16 (0.55–2.45)

1.75 (0.60–5.08)

 No

Ref

Ref

Education

 Illiterate

0.45 (0.11–1.87)

0.13 (0.02–0.84)

 Under diploma

1.11 (0.55–2.24)

0.43(0.12–1.58)

 Diploma

0.85 (0.47–1.55)

0.47 (0.17–1.28)

Upper graduated

Ref

Ref

Marital status

 Single

0.35 (0.17–0.73)

0.38 (0.12–1.13)

 Married

Ref

Ref

Occupation

 Unemployed

2.24 (1.08–4.62)

6.70 (2.22–20.23)

 Housekeeping

1.37 (0.69–2.72)

1.03 (0.30–3.49)

 Employee

1.76 (0.79–3.93)

0.90 (0.28–2.80)

 Self employed

Ref

Ref

Drinking water source

 River

N/A

N/A

 Tap

0.85 (0.39–1.84)

0.97 (0.36–2.57)

 Mineral

1.15 (0.47–2.86)

1.07 (0.33–3.46)

 Tap and Mineral

Ref

Ref

Family history of gastrointestinal cancer

 Yes

2.98 (1.48–5.99)

3.52 (1.48–8.35)

 No

Ref

Ref

Gastrointestinal sign and symptoms^a

 Epigastric pain

2.70 (1.50- 4.83)

4.67 (1.92–11.34)

 Heartburn

1.06 (0.63–1.78)

1.83 (0.89–3.75)

 Reflux

0.88 (0.51–1.53)

1.35 (0.61–2.99)

 Weight loss

2.22 (1.19- 4.13)

3.38 (1.34–8.49)

 Decreased appetite

1.54 (0.86–2.76)

1.62 (0.69–3.78)

 Early satiety

1.01 (0.37–2.72)

1.73 (0.44–6.77)

 The presence of blood in the stool

0.31 (0.06–1.55)

0.66 (0.11–3.88)

 Iron deficiency anemia

1.48 (0.66–3.33)

1.62 (0.55–4.79)