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Table 2 Cox proportional hazards model

From: Risk factors for long-term survival in patients with ypN+ M0 rectal cancer after radical anterior resection

 

Single factor analysis

Multiple factor analysis

HR

95% CI

p

HR

95% CI

p

Disease-specific survival (DSS)

      

Sex: male

0.98

0.49–1.96

0.958

   

Age > 65 years

1.41

0.72–2.77

0.321

   

BMI > 30

1.32

0.60–2.93

0.495

   

AH

1.63

0.83–3.21

0.154

   

Diabetes mellitus

1.25

0.52–3.01

0.625

   

CCI > 2

0.86

0.37–1.97

0.716

   

Metformin

3.41

1.18–9.83

0.023

1.42

0.32–6.22

0.644

Alpha blockers

0.99

0.14–7.25

0.992

   

Beta blockers

1.54

0.74–3.23

0.250

   

ACEIs

3.05

1.41–6.60

0.005

4.28

1.44–12.69

0.009

CCBs

2.14

0.88–5.17

0.093

   

Diuretics

0.95

0.29–3.11

0.930

   

Noeadjuvant CRT

Ref

     

Neoadjuvant RT

1.16

0.50–2.68

0.731

   

RT-S ≥ 6 weeks

1.02

0.50–2.06

0.963

   

Distance to the anal verge 1–5 cm

Ref

     

6–10 cm

1.67

0.78–3.57

0.186

   

11–15 cm

1.17

0.37–3.75

0.787

   

Loop ileostomy

1.30

0.59–2.87

0.518

   

Complications

2.12

1.08–4.16

0.029

2.18

0.47–10.07

0.317

ypT0-2

Ref

     

ypT3

1.16

0.48–2.80

0.745

   

LNY ≥ 12

0.68

0.35–1.34

0.266

   

ypG3

3.01

1.14–7.94

0.026

2.82

0.69–11.52

0.149

ENE

0.98

0.35–3.75

0.968

   

LVI

1.19

0.36–3.89

0.777

   

PNI

1.79

0.69–4.63

0.230

   

TRG 0–1

Ref

     

TRG 2–3

1.34

0.58–3.08

0.496

   

CT > 3cycles

0.58

0.28–1.20

0.140

   

NLN > 5

0.36

0.17–0.75

0.006

0.22

0.08–0.59

0.002

PLN > 11

3.47

1.05–11.46

0.041

2.65

0.45–15.44

0.280

LNR > 0.15

2.18

1.01–4.73

0.048

1.15

0.13–10.19

0.899

Disease-free survival (DFS)

      

Sex:male

1.09

0.58–2.07

0.788

   

Age > 65 years

1.01

0.53–1.89

0.993

   

BMI > 30

1.13

0.54–2.37

0.752

   

AH

1.35

0.72–2.51

0.349

   

Diabetes mellitus

1.21

0.54–2.75

0.642

   

CCI > 2

0.72

0.32–1.63

0.429

   

Metformin

2.76

0.97–7.83

0.006

0.85

0.22–3.26

0.808

Alpha blockers

1.13

0.16–8.24

0.904

   

Beta blockers

1.59

0.81–3.12

0.181

   

ACEIs

2.15

1.02–4.55

0.044

3.11

1.01–9.56

0.047

CCBs

1.98

0.87–4.48

0.103

   

Diuretics

1.16

0.41–3.27

0.776

   

Neoadjuvant RT

1.09

0.52–2.29

0.824

   

RT-S ≥ 6 weeks

0.79

0.41–1.49

0.463

   

Distance to the anal verge 1–5 cm

Ref

     

6–10 cm

1.35

0.68–2.69

0.390

   

11–15 cm

0.95

0.34–2.66

0.916

   

Loop ileostomy

1.21

0.58–2.54

0.614

   

Complications

2.18

1.17–4.05

0.014

6.79

2.09–22.11

0.001

ypT0-2

Ref

     

ypT3

1.48

0.62–3.54

0.374

   

LNY ≥ 12

0.92

0.49–1.73

0.796

   

ypG3

2.69

1.12–6.48

0.028

0.75

0.13–4.21

0.748

ypN1

Ref

     

ypN2

1.02

0.52–2.00

0.961

   

ECI

1.25

0.53–2.98

0.613

   

LVI

1.79

0.70–4.57

0.225

   

PNI

4.09

1.86–8.97

0.001

7.27

2.74–19.30

< 0.001

TRG 0–1

Ref

     

TRG 2–3

1.27

0.59–2.76

0.545

   

CT > 3cycles

0.82

0.41–1.64

0.569

   

NLN > 7

0.50

0.26–0.94

0.032

0.33

0.12–0.88

0.026

PLN > 10

2.72

1.06–6.99

0.038

0.76

0.20–2.95

0.692

LNR > 0.3

1.89

1.00–3.60

0.052

1.20

0.25–5.84

0.821

LODDS > − 1

1.89

1.00–3.58

0.051

1.25

0.29–5.51

0.766

  1. HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, DFS disease-free survival, DSS disease-specific survival, AH-arterial hypertension, CCI Charlson comorbidity index, ACEIs angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, CCBs calcium channel blockers, RT-S time from completion of radiotherapy to surgery, PLN positive lymph nodes, NLN negative lymph nodes, LNR lymph node ratio, LODDS log odds of positive lymph nodes, LNY lymph node yield, G histological tumour grade, ENE extranodal extension, LVI lymphovascular invasion, PNI perineural invasion, TRG tumour regression grade, CT adjuvant chemotherapy
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