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Table 1 Demographics, Clinical manifestations, imaging findings and complications in the decompensated phase

From: Analysis of clinical features and prognostic factors in patients with hepatic hydrothorax: a single-center study from China

 

No. percent of patients (%) [n = 131]

Age (year), mean ± SD

52.76 ± 11.88

Sex Male

80(61.1%)

Female

51(38.9%)

Etiology

 

 Hepatitis B virus(HBV)

55(42%)

 Hepatitis C virus(HCV)

15(11.5%)

 Alcohol

29(22.1%)

 Primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC)

10(7.6%)

 Other

22(16.8%)

 Respiratory difficulties

89(67.9%)

 Cough

30(22.9%)

 Payment

54(41.2%)

 Bloating

108(82.4%)

 Jaundice

54(42.2%)

 Liver palm

34(26%)

 Spider mole

25(19.1%)

 Splenomegaly

110(84%)

Location of pleural effusion

 

 Right side

107(81.7%)

 Left side

16(12.2%)

 Bilateral

8(6.1%)

Volume of pleural effusion

 

 Small amount

4(3.1%)

 Medium amount

19(14.5%)

 large amount

108 (82.4%)

 Combined with massive ascites

87 (66.4%)

 Compression dysplasia

96 (73.3%)

 Liver Failure

21 (16%)

 Hepatic encephalopathy

16 (12.2%)

 Gastrointestinal bleeding

16 (12.2%)

 Pleural fluid infection

30 (22.9%)

 Spontaneous peritonitis

18 (13.7%)

 Hyponatremia

52 (39.7%)

 Renal insufficiency

24 (18.3%)

 Hepatorenal syndrome

9 (6.9%)

  1. Data are expressed as mean (± standard deviation), number (proportion)