Hormone replacement therapy is associated with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a retrospective cohort study

BMC Gastroenterology

Table 2 Risk of GORD and PPI use among hormone replacement therapy users: simple regression

		All hormone users	Oestrogen-only users	Tibolone users	Combined HRT users	Progestogen users
No. of hormone users	Unmatched cohort	22101	9137	7678	1539	3747
	Matched ¹ cohort	2777	950	167	1190	470
GORD OR (95%CI) p	Unmatched cohort	1.23 (1.18–1.27) <0.001	1.36 (1.29–1.43) <0.001	1.26 (1.23–1.51) <0.001	1.15 (1.09–1.20) <0.001	1.11 (1.04–1.20) 0.040
	Matched cohort	1.29 (1.12–1.48) <0.001	1.59 (1.27–2.0) <0.001	1.14 (1.06–1.22) <0.001	1.14 (0.92–1.43) 0.234	1.15 (1.06–1.23) <0.001
PPI² OR (95%CI) ³p	Unmatched cohort	1.38 (1.19–1.60) <0.001	1.46 (1.16–1.84) 0.001	1.52 (0.92–2.50) 0.100	1.41 (1.10–1.80) 0.006	1.06 (0.71–1.59) 0.760
	Matched cohort	1.30 (1.15–1.52) 0.001	1.42 (1.10–1.84) 0.007	1.38 (0.48–3.95) 0.549	1.21 (0.95–1.54) 0.121	1.18 (0.72–1.95) 0.512

1. Uses and non-users were matched according to calendar year, age at menopause, socio-economic status of GP practice, and date closest to menopause.
2. Ever PPI use within study window.
3. P-values: comparison of binary variables by adjusted χ ² test; continuous variables by Student’s t-test; multiple category variables by χ ² test adjusted for trend.

ISSN: 1471-230X