Table 3 Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis of the predictors for re-bleeding after CE
Variable factors | OGIB with CE (N = 133) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No re-bleeding (n = 98) | Re-bleeding (n = 35) | Univariate p-value | Multivariate† p-value | Hazard ratio | 95% CI | |
Gender (Male) | 46 (46.9) | 18 (51.4) | 0.795 | – | – | – |
Age ≥ 70 years | 44 (44.9) | 20 (57.1) | 0.295 | – | – | – |
Overt GI bleeding (melena or hematochezia) | 58 (59.2) | 23 (65.7) | 0.633 | – | – | – |
Hemodynamic instability | 9 (9.2) | 7 (20.0) | 0.065 | 0.411 | 1.47 | 0.59–3.71 |
Hb level < 7.0 (g/dL), mean (SD) | 7.5 (1.9) | 6.8 (2.0) | 0.075 | 0.498 | 0.78 | 0.38–1.60 |
Drop in Hb level (g/dL), mean (SD) | 3.7 (1.8) | 3.7 (1.8) | 0.797 | – | – | – |
Blood transfusion ≥3 units | 41 (41.8) | 16 (45.7) | 0.842 | – | – | – |
Previous overt GI bleeding | 37 (37.8) | 21 (60.0) | 0.038 | 0.003 | 2.80 | 1.40–5.58 |
Ischemic heart disease | 23 (23.5) | 12 (34.3) | 0.101 | 0.071 | 1.98 | 0.97–4.06 |
Aortic stenosis | 4 (4.1) | 2 (5.7) | 0.653 | – | – | – |
Hypertension | 47 (48.0) | 18 (51.4) | 0.876 | – | – | – |
Diabetes mellitus | 28 (28.6) | 10 (28.6) | 0.841 | – | – | – |
Cirrhosis | 8 (8.2) | 10 (28.6) | 0.007 | < 0.001 | 4.06 | 1.88–8.78 |
Chronic hepatitis (HBV, HCV) | 6 (6.1) | 2 (5.7) | 0.783 | – | – | – |
Chronic kidney disease | 18 (18.4) | 8 (22.9) | 0.744 | – | – | – |
Thrombocytopenia | 2 (2.0) | 6 (17.1) | 0.004 | 0.525 | 1.44 | 0.41–5.64 |
Continued aspirin use | 11 (11.2) | 5 (14.3) | 0.762 | – | – | – |
Continued dual antiplatelet use | 10 (10.2) | 3 (8.6) | 0.702 | – | – | – |
Continued anticoagulant use | 4 (4.1) | 2 (5.7) | 0.653 | – | – | – |
Continued NSAID use | 3 (3.1) | 1 (2.9) | 0.782 | – | – | – |
Incomplete small bowel visualization | 5 (5.1) | 6 (17.1) | 0.037 | 0.046 | 2.97 | 1.23–7.66 |