Table 3 Fecal incontinence subgroup analysis for year of publication, geographic region, study design and age range
Long-term outcome | Subgroup characteristics | Subgroup categories | Number of studies | Pooled prevalence / mean (95% CI) | Heterogeneity (I2, P) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fecal incontinence | Year of publication | <  2008 | 6 | 0.19 (0.07, 0.30) | 0, 0.71 |
> 2008 | 4 | 0.20 (0.06, 0.33) | 0, 0.42 | ||
Geographic region | Europe | 5 | 0.16 (0.05, 0.28) | 0, 0.72 | |
Oceania | 2 | 0.33 (0.07, 0.59) | 0, 0.34 | ||
Asia | 2 | 0.21 (0.04, 0.40) | 16.5%, 0.27 | ||
North America | 1 | 0.06 (−0.42, 0.55) | N/A | ||
Study design | Case-control | 3 | 0.14 (−0.03, 0.30) | 0, 0.61 | |
Cohort study | 1 | 0.14 (− 0.06, 0.34) | N/A | ||
Cross-sectional | 6 | 0.24 (0.12, 0.36) | 0, 0.63 | ||
Age at follow-up (years) a | ≤ 19 | 2 | 0.14 (−0.03, 0.32) | 0, 0.73 | |
>  20 | 4 | 0.20 (0.08, 0.32) | 0, 0.53 | ||
Age at surgery (years) b | <  0.5 | 1 | 0.03 (−0.31, 0.37) | N/A | |
≥ 0.5 | 5 | 0.17 (0.07, 0.28) | 0, 0.83 | ||
Constipation | Year of publication | <  2008 | 6 | 0.16 (0.02, 0.31) | 36.7%, 0.162 |
> 2008 | 4 | 0.17 (0.04, 0.31) | 0, 0.43 | ||
Geographic region | Europe | 5 | 0.13 (0.02, 0.25) | 7.3%, 0.37 | |
Oceania | 2 | 0.42 (0.16, 0.68) | 38.4%, 0.20 | ||
Asia | 2 | 0.08 (−0.07, 0.24) | 0, 0.77 | ||
North America | 1 | 0.06 (− 0.42, 0.55) | N/A | ||
Study design | Case-control | 3 | 0.23 (0.06, 0.39) | 0, 0.46 | |
Cohort study | 1 | 0.01 (−0.19, 0.21) | N/A | ||
Cross-sectional | 6 | 0.17 (0.02, 0.31) | 23.6%, 0.257 | ||
Age at follow-up (years) a | ≤ 19 | 2 | 0.09 (−0.08, 0.27) | 0, 0.89 | |
>  20 | 4 | 0.13 (0.01, 0.25) | 32.5%, 0.22 | ||
Age at surgery (years) b | <  0.5 | 1 | 0.06 (−0.28, 0.40) | N/A | |
≥ 0.5 | 5 | 0.13 (0.03, 0.23) | 6.2%, 0.37 | ||
Bladder dysfunction | Year of publication | <  2008 | 2 | 0.08 (−0.20, 0.36) | 0, 0.68 |
> 2008 | 3 | 0.08 (−0.09, 0.26) | 0, 0.95 | ||
Geographic region | Europe | 2 | 0.06 (−0.16, 0.28) | 0, 0.90 | |
Oceania | 1 | 0.13 (−0.22, 0.47) | N/A | ||
Asia | 1 | 0.12 (−0.18, 0.41) | N/A | ||
North America | 1 | 0.00 (−0.48, 0.48) | N/A | ||
Study design | Case-control | 1 | 0.08 (−0.24, 0.39) | N/A | |
Cohort study | 0 | N/A | N/A | ||
Cross-sectional | 4 | 0.08 (−0.09, 0.25) | 23.6%, 0.257 | ||
Age at follow-up (years) a | ≤ 19 | 1 | 0.00 (−0.48, 0.48) | N/A | |
>  20 | 3 | 0.08 (−0.09, 0.26) | 0, 0.95 | ||
Age at surgery (years) b | <  0.5 | 2 | 0.06 (−0.16, 0.28) | 0, 0.90 | |
Unclear | 3 | 0.10 (−0.11, 0.30) | 0, 0.91 |