Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
---|---|
All admitted patients with the primary discharge diagnosis of ulcerative colitis | Complicated with any one of the conditions: sepsis, septic shock, active gastrointestinal bleeding, heart failure with NYHA Class II-IV, myocardial infarction or stroke within 3 months, liver cirrhosis with decompensation, chronic kidney disease stage IV or V Female patients who are pregnant |
The diagnosis of ulcerative colitis is established by symptoms, colonoscopy and histology | ECG with any one of the conditions: non-sinus rhythm, ventricular pre-excitation syndrome, any atrial or ventricular premature beat on ECG recording, bradycardia with resting heart rate less than 50 bpm, tachycardia with resting heart rate more than 120 bpm |
Have at least one colonoscopy with biopsy during admission | Taking any one type of the medications a week before or during admission: beta-blocker, muscarinic cholinergic-blocker/agonist |
Have at least one standard 12-leads ECG during the first 24 h of admission | Active infection of any of the pathogens: mycobacterium tuberculosis, CMV, EBV, HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV |