Variables | Cases (n = 71) | Controls (n = 142) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (year)a | 58.2 ± 10.4 | 57.7 ± 10.4 | 0.746 |
BMI (kg/m2)a | 27.6 ± 4.2 | 26.6 ± 4.2 | 0.362 |
Waist circumference (cm)a | 95.4 ± 11.2 | 95.4 ± 11.9 | 0.904 |
Physical activity (MET-h/day)a | 36.8 ± 3.6 | 36.7 ± 4.8 | 0.932 |
Income (dollar)b | 393.0 (253.0) | 402.0 (302.0) | 0.206 |
Energy (kcal/day)a | 2262.3 ± 450.1 | 2255.2 ± 341.2 | 0.908 |
Total OBSb | 12.0 (3.0) | 14.0 (3.0) | <0.001 |
DPI (energy %)b | 19.8 (16.0) | 26.9 (17.0) | 0.006 |
Whole grains (kcal/day)b | 120.4 (218.8) | 180.9 (274.1) | 0.100 |
Nuts (kcal/day)b | 12.4 (21.2) | 18.0 (32.6) | 0.122 |
Legumes (kcal/day)b | 39.6 (38.8) | 40.3 (43.9) | 0.745 |
Seeds (kcal/day)b | 13.3 (18.3) | 12.1 (18.3) | 0.376 |
Vegetables (kcal/day)b | 66.6 (41.6) | 81.0 (47.5) | 0.001 |
Fruits (kcal/day)b | 128.7 (107.5) | 160.4 (154.0) | 0.015 |
SFA (g/day)b | 18.3 (4.3) | 28.6 (6.6) | 0.033 |
PUFA (g/day)b | 13.4 (1.2) | 9.9 (1.9) | <0.001 |
Iron (mg/day)b | 18.1 (5.2) | 17.1 (5.4) | 0.143 |
Fiber (g/day)a | 18.9 ± 2.3 | 20.4 ± 3.1 | <0.001 |
Vitamin E (mg/day/day)b | 14.6 (1.3) | 12.0 (1.8) | <0.001 |
Vitamin C (mg/day/day)b | 104.0 (28.8) | 132.7 (27.1) | <0.001 |
Vitamin B9 (µg/day)a | 480.1 ± 115.0 | 482.6 ± 93.1 | 0.863 |
Beta-carotene (mcg/day)b | 1099.0 (300.0) | 1032.0 (434.1) | 0.012 |
Zinc (mg/day)a | 9.8 ± 2.2 | 10.1 ± 1.8 | 0.278 |
Selenium (mg/day)b | 56.0 (3.0) | 56.0 (3.0) | 0.711 |
Smokingc | Â | Â | 0.164 |
 Never | 57 (80.2) | 101 (70.1) |  |
 Former | 8 (11.3) | 15 (10.6) |  |
 Current | 6 (8.5) | 26 (18.3) |  |
Common ways of preparing vegetablesc | Â | Â | 0.083 |
 Raw / Fresh | 29 (40.8) | 78 (54.9) |  |
 Boiled | 8 (11.3) | 18 (12.7) |  |
 Fried, Fried / Freezed | 34 (47.9) | 46 (32.4) |  |
History of CRCc | Â | Â | 0.017 |
 Yes | 7 (9.9) | 3 (2.1) |  |
 No | 64 (90.1) | 139 (97.9) |  |
Aspirinc | Â | Â | 0.016 |
 Yes | 1 (1.4) | 14 (9.9) |  |
 No | 70 (98.6) | 128 (90.1) |  |
Acetaminophenc | Â | Â | 0.004 |
 Yes | 4 (5.6) | 28 (19.7) |  |
 No | 67 (94.4) | 114 (80.3) |  |