Table 3 Summary of findings. (M: Methodology reported as ‘very good(V)’, ‘adequate(A),’ ‘doubtful(D)’, ‘inadequate(I)’, or ‘not assessed (NA)’. R: Ratings for overall quality reported as sufficient ( +), insufficient (-), inconsistent ( ±), or indeterminate (?). L: Level of evidence using GRADE reported as: High, Moderate, Low, or Very low.)
From: Patient-reported outcome measures in functional dyspepsia: a systematic review and COSMIN analysis
Patient-reported outcome measures | Content validity | Structural validity | Internal consistency | Cross-cultural validity/ measurement invariance | Reliability | Measurement error | Hypothesis testing | Responsiveness | Recommendation | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | R | L | M | R | L | M | R | L | M | R | L | M | R | L | M | R | L | M | R | L | M | R | L | Â | |
GSRS | D |  ±  | Low | I | ? | Very low | V | ? | Moderate | NA | ? | NA | A | - | Low | NA | ? | NA | V |  +  | Moderate | NA | ? | NA | B |
GDSS | D |  ±  | Low | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | V | ? | High | B |
CDQ | D |  ±  | Low | A | - | Moderate | V |  +  | High | NA | ? | NA | A | - | Moderate | NA | ? | NA | V |  +  | High | NA | ? | NA | B |
LDQ | D |  ±  | Low | NA | ? | NA | V | ? | High | NA | ? | NA | A |  +  | Moderate | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | V | ? | High | B |
DHSI | D |  ±  | Low | A | ? | Moderate | V | - | High | NA | ? | NA | A | - | Moderate | NA | ? | NA | V |  +  | High | V |  +  | High | C |
NDI | D |  +  | Low | A | ? | Moderate | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | B |
DSSI | D |  ±  | Low | I | ? | Very low | V |  +  | Moderate | NA | ? | NA | A |  +  | Low | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | B |
SODA | D |  ±  | Low | A |  +  | Moderate | V |  +  | Moderate | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | V |  +  | Moderate | B |
SLDQ | D |  ±  | Low | I | ? | Very low | V | ? | Moderate | NA | ? | NA | A |  +  | Low | NA | ? | NA | V |  +  | Moderate | V |  +  | Moderate | B |
HKDI | I |  ±  | Very low | I | ? | Very low | V | ? | High | NA | ? | NA | A |  +  | Moderate | NA | ? | NA | V |  ±  | High | V | ? | High | B |
PADYQ | D |  ±  | Low | D | ? | Low | V |  +  | Moderate | NA | ? | NA | A |  +  | Low | NA | ? | NA | V | ? | Moderate | V | ? | Moderate | B |
PAGI-SYM | D |  ±  | Low | A | ? | Moderate | V |  +  | High | NA | ? | NA | A | - | Moderate | NA | ? | NA | V |  +  | High | V | ? | High | B |
Severity Index of Bologna | I |  ±  | Very low | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | A | - | Moderate | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | V | ? | High | B |
GIS | D |  ±  | Low | D | ? | Low | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | A |  +  | Moderate | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | V | ? | High | B |
GOS | I |  ±  | Very low | I | ? | Very low | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | A | - | Moderate | NA | ? | NA | V | ? | High | V | ? | High | B |
SF-LDQ | D |  ±  | Low | NA | ? | NA | V | ? | High | NA | ? | NA | D | ? | Low | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | V | ? | High | B |
GISSI | D |  ±  | Very low | V |  +  | Moderate | V | - | Moderate | NA | ? | NA | A |  +  | Low | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | B |
LPDS | D |  +  | Low | V | ? | High | V |  +  | Moderate | NA | ? | NA | I | ? | Very low | NA | ? | NA | V |  +  | Moderate | V | ? | Moderate | A |
FDSD | D |  +  | Low | NA | ? | NA | V | ? | High | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | V | ? | High | NA | ? | NA | B |
SAGIS | D |  ±  | Low | V | - | High | V |  +  | High | NA | ? | NA | I | ? | Very low | NA | ? | NA | V |  +  | High | NA | ? | NA | B |
ESM-PROM | D |  +  | Low | NA | ? | NA | V | ? | Low | NA | ? | NA | A |  +  | Very low | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | B |
FGI-Checklist | D |  ±  | Low | A | ? | Moderate | V | - | High | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | V | ? | High | V |  +  | High | C |
a Scale for PDS | D |  ±  | Low | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | NA | ? | NA | B |
SEQ-DYSPEPSIA | D |  ±  | Low | I | ? | Very low | V | ? | High | NA | ? | NA | A |  +  | Moderate | NA | ? | NA | V | ? | High | V | ? | High | B |