Table 2 DII components of study participants by tertiles of DII

Macronutrients

Energy (Kcal)

3194.93 ± 903.47

2341.69 ± 498.61

1835.54 ± 488.49

< 0.001

Protein (g)

94.14 ± 27.67

67.86 ± 13.41

49.82 ± 14.24

< 0.001

Carbohydrate (g)

405.80 ± 107.911

290.88 ± 64.09

225.36 ± 60.65

< 0.001

Fat (g)

142.36 ± 60.29

107.53 ± 41.37

86.83 ± 37.49

< 0.001

Fatty acid subtypes

Cholesterol) mg (

277.19 ± 103.27

190.38 ± 64.80

152.94 ± 88.20

< 0.001

SFA (g)

34.72 ± 13.49

26.31 ± 7.53

22.43 ± 8.15

< 0.001

MUFA (g)

48.71 ± 20.94

38.23 ± 14.04

31.08 ± 14.67

< 0.001

PUFA (g)

35.00 ± 17.49

27.42 ± 12.63

22.09 ± 13.30

< 0.001

n-3 Fatty acid (g)

18.02 ± 15.23

13.93 ± 12.69

9.30 ± 8.85

0.003

n-6 Fatty acid (g)

31.61 ± 16.96

24.86 ± 12.19

20.08 ± 12.68

< 0.001

Minerals

Iron (mg)

19.86 ± 5.52

14.07 ± 3.22

10.14 ± 2.98

< 0.001

Magnesium (mg)

458.61 ± 88.25

328.68 ± 65.67

242.82 ± 70.24

< 0.001

Zinc (mg)

14.36 ± 4.44

9.92 ± 2.00

7.29 ± 2.29

< 0.001

Selenium (mg)

119.98 ± 41.68

79.64 ± 22.99

61.48 ± 22.82

< 0.001

Vitamins

Vitamin A (mg)

653.71 ± 257.56

415.32 ± 187.26

310.55 ± 109.41

< 0.001

Betacaroten (mg)

3683.39 ± 1370.99

2600.96 ± 1355.33

1776.31 ± 910.91

< 0.001

Vitamin C (mg)

229.96 ± 95.77

164.29 ± 78.74

105.84 ± 62.14

< 0.001

Vitamin D (µg)

1.96 ± 1.33

1.16 ± 1.24

0.91 ± 0.86

< 0.001

Vitamin E (mg)

36.08 ± 23.55

28.18 ± 18.69

20.27 ± 14.09

< 0.001

Thiamin (mg)

2.17 ± 0.74

1.58 ± 0.36

1.20 ± 0.34

< 0.001

Riboflavin (mg)

2.10 ± 0.65

1.55 ± 0.36

1.15 ± 0.58

< 0.001

Niacin (mg)

26.10 ± 8.92

18.56 ± 4.21

13.51 ± 4.12

< 0.001

Folate (mg)

656.99 ± 192.59

495.47 ± 96.20

361.09 ± 92.63

< 0.001

Vitamin B6 (mg)

2.37 ± 0.63

1.75 ± 0.34

1.26 ± 0.36

< 0.001

Vitamin B₁₂ (mg)

5.38 ± 2.75

3.62 ± 1.52

2.57 ± 1.58

< 0.001

Other nutrients

Total Fiber (g)

37.43 ± 10.12

27.43 ± 7.38

19.48 ± 7.53

< 0.001

Caffeine (g)

168.13 ± 115.25

156.04 ± 98.20

149.19 ± 97.87

0.060

Garlic (g)

0.81 ± 1.66

1.08 ± 2.08

1.22 ± 4.62

0.790

Onion (g)

34.66 ± 48.89

19.29 ± 23.19

7.66 ± 14.91

< 0.001

Pepper (g)

16.00 ± 17.49

10.90 ± 12.40

6.49 ± 10.54

0.003