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Table 3 Hemodynamics and Echocardiographic Indices at Baseline and by week 24

From: Effect of Empagliflozin and Pioglitazone on left ventricular function in patients with type two diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease without established cardiovascular disease: a randomized single-blind clinical trial

 

Pioglitazone Group

(n = 36)

Empagliflozin Group

(n = 37)

 

Variable

Baseline

After 24 weeks

P value

Baseline

After 24 weeks

P value

P value*

Systolic (mmHg)

117.5 ± 14.5

114.8 ± 11.7

0.23

116.8 ± 11.8

113.5 ± 11.3

0.01

0.80

Diastolic (mmHg)

75.2 ± 11.3

71.2 ± 8.2

0.03

77.5 ± 9.4

72.5 ± 9.1

< 0.01

0.62

EF (%)

58.7 ± 8.1

58.7 ± 4.5

0.99

57.9 ± 6.9

59.1 ± 6.5

0.38

0.55

GLS (%)

-19.07 ± 2.40

-20.64 ± 1.72

< 0.01

-19.65 ± 2.15

-20.72 ± 1.56

< 0.01

0.31

E (cm/s)

0.66 ± 0.11

0.71 ± 0.13

0.01

0.64 ± 0.12

0.66 ± 0.11

0.50

0.14

A (cm/s)

0.68 ± 0.13

0.71 ± 0.13

0.04

0.67 ± 0.16

0.69 ± 0.16

0.38

0.48

E/A

1.00 ± 0.26

1.04 ± 0.29

0.31

1.00 + 0.29

0.99 + 0.27

0.87

0.51

e´ (cm/s)

6.8 ± 1.5

7.5 ± 1.6

0.01

6.5 ± 1.5

7.3 ± 1.7

< 0.01

0.82

E/ e´

9.7 ± 2.0

9.4 ± 1.6

0.39

9.9 ± 2.4

9.0 ± 1.8

0.04

0.31

DT (ms)

221.9 ± 39.5

205.9 ± 52.1

0.12

201.0 ± 33.4

213.0 ± 48.8

0.13

0.03

IVRT (ms)

108.1 ± 13.8

100.0 ± 15.7

0.02

107.1 ± 15.9

106.9 ± 13.7

0.95

0.07

LV end-diastolic diameter (cm)

4.4 ± 0.4

4.4 ± 0.4

0.79

4.6 ± 0.4

4.5 ± 0.4

0.20

0.42

LV end-systolic diameter (cm)

2.9 ± 0.4

2.8 ± 0.3

0.17

3.1 ± 0.4

2.9 ± 0.4

0.10

0.84

LAVi (ml/m2)

23.0 ± 4.1

24.2 ± 5.0

0.28

21.7 ± 6.2

21.1 ± 1.1

0.40

0.16

LA area (cm2)

15.7 ± 2.3

16.3 ± 2.1

0.10

15.4 ± 2.5

15.6 ± 2.2

0.59

0.43

PAP (mmHg)

24.9 ± 3.3

25.1 ± 3.1

0.86

24.9 ± 3.3

25.2 ± 3.3

0.72

0.92

  1. A, A wave; DT, deceleration time; E, E wave; e’, e’ wave; EF, ejection fraction; E/A, E to A ratio; GLS, global longitudinal strain; IVRT, Isovolumic relaxation time; LA, left atrium; LAVi, left atrium volume index; LV, left ventricle; PAP, pulmonary artery pressure
  2. *Between-group difference from baseline, P value < 0.05 is considered as significant.