Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics of derivative and validation cohorts
Variable | Derivative ( n  = 798) | Validation ( n  = 312) | P -value |
|---|---|---|---|
Clinical demographics | |||
 Gender (n = 1110) | |||
  Female | 335 (42.0%) | 161 (51.6%) | 0.004 |
  Male | 463 (58.0%) | 151 (48.4%) | |
  Age (n = 1110) | 66 (IQR 54–77) | 69 (IQR 54–79) | 0.08 |
Medical history and medications | |||
  Previous LGITB admission (n = 1110) | 131 (16.4%) | 57 (18.3%) | 0.459 |
  Presence of hypertension (n = 1110) | 381 (47.7%) | 136 (43.6%) | 0.212 |
  Presence of diabetes (n = 1110) | 619 (77.6%) | 241 (77.2%) | 0.907 |
  Presence of ischemic heart disease (n = 1110) | 157 (19.7%) | 57 (18.3%) | 0.594 |
  Presence of chronic kidney disease (n = 1110) | 88 (11.0%) | 33 (10.6%) | 0.829 |
  Presence of liver disease (n = 1110) | 12 (1.5%) | 6 (1.9%) | 0.619 |
  Charlson Score (n = 1110) | 3 (IQR 1–4) | 3 (IQR 1–5) | 0.129 |
  Usage of antiplatelets (n = 1110) | 212 (26.6%) | 80 (25.6%) | 0.753 |
  Usage of anticoagulation (n = 1110) | 46 (5.8%) | 24 (7.7%) | 0.235 |
Signs and symptoms at presentation | |||
  DRE findings of blood (n = 1093) | 563 (71.8%) | 238 (77.0%) | 0.08 |
  Presence of diarrhea (n = 1108) | 108 (13.6%) | 48 (15.4%) | 0.434 |
  Presence of abdominal tenderness (n = 1110) | 97 (12.2%) | 35 (11.2%) | 0.664 |
  Presence of syncope or dizziness (n = 1052) | 219 (28.9%) | 87 (29.7%) | 0.788 |
Vital signs and laboratory results at presentation | |||
  SBP at triage (n = 1109) | 130 (IQR 115–149) | 131.0 (IQR 117–151.8) | 0.415 |
  DBP at triage (n = 1109) | 76 (IQR 69–85) | 77 (IQR 68.3–84.8) | 0.904 |
  HR at triage (n = 1109) | 83 (IQR 73–95) | 85 (IQR 75–97) | 0.068 |
  Initial Hb (n = 1110) | 11.9 (IQR 9.9–13.4) | 11.5 (IQR 9.13–13.3) | 0.048 |
  TW count (n = 1110) | 8.28 (IQR 6.45–10.7) | 8.39 (IQR 6.83–10.8) | 0.428 |
  Platelet count (n = 1110) | 254 (IQR 205–313) | 262 (IQR 211–315) | 0.270 |
  INR levels (n = 1011) | 0.97 (IQR 0.94–1.02) | 1.0 (IQR 0.97–1.04) |  < 0.001 |
  APTT levels (n = 979) | 26.8 (IQR 24.9–28.8) | 25.9 (IQR 23.6–27.9) |  < 0.001 |
  Urea levels (n = 1107) | 5.30 (IQR 4.10–7.30) | 5.55 (IQR 4.10–7.65) | 0.209 |
  Bicarbonate levels (n = 1107) | 22.4 (IQR 20.8–24.0) | 22.1 (IQR 20.1–23.7) | 0.017 |
  Creatinine levels (n = 1108) | 77.0 (IQR 60.0–99.5) | 76.0 (IQR 62.0–94.0) | 0.793 |
Aetiology of LGITB (n = 1110) | |||
  Colitis (n = 154) | 97 (12.2%) | 57 (18.3%) | 0.008 |
  Diverticular disease (n = 376) | 270 (33.8%) | 106 (34.0%) | 0.965 |
  Haemorrhoids (n = 420) | 316 (39.6%) | 104 (33.3%) | 0.053 |
  Malignancy (n = 70) | 45 (5.6%) | 25 (8.0%) | 0.144 |
  Length of stay (n = 1110) | 3.0 (IQR 2.0–4.0) | 3.0 (IQR 2.0–4.0) | 0.299 |
  Safe discharge (n = 1100) | 499 (62.5%) | 191 (61.2%) | 0.685 |