Table 1 Baseline characteristics for patients included

Shi C, et al. 2022

China

ERT(SBRT)

38

(33/5)

56.42 ± 10.44

4.87 ± 2.03

1(1-3)

16(42.1%)

NA

38

(32/6)

55.74 ± 10.19

4.88 ± 2.46

1(1-3)

15(39.5%)

Hachiya H, et al. 2020

Japan

BCAA

74

(59/15)

69(47-85)

2.7(1.0-15.9)

1:70(95%)

≥ 2:4(5%)

31(42%)

NA

80

(66/14)

70(47-85)

2.9(0.8-12.0)

1:64(80%)

≥ 2:16(20%)

46(57%)

Li J, et al. 2020

China

IRT(¹³¹I-metuximab)

78

(58/20)

53.0(47.0-58.8)

4.9(3.2-6.4)

1:73(94%)

> 1:5(6%)

42(54%)

NA

78

(61/17)

53.0(47.2-58.0)

5.3(3.2-7.3)

1:74(95%)

> 1:4(5%)

45(58%)

Li S, et al. 2020

China

HAIC

58

(52/6)

54(25-69)

5.8 ± 0.4

1:36(62.1%)

≥ 2:22(37.9%)

32(55.2%)

NA

58

(49/9)

55.6 ± 1.6

5.5(1.8-16.0)

1:42(72.4%)

≥ 2:16(27.6%)

35(60.3%)

Hirokawa F, et al. 2020

Japan

HAIC

55

(48/7)

69(46-85)

3.4(1.0-14.5)

1:41(75%)

≥ 2:14(25%)

29(53%)

NA

59

(48/11)

72(42-82)

3.1(1.0-12)

1:51(86%)

≥ 2:8(14%)

35(59%)

Matsui HM, et al. 2021

Japan

DC

30

(20/10)

72.5(36-81)

3.0(1.0-13.0)

1:21(70.0%)

2:6(20.0%)

≥ 3:3(10.0%)

10(33.3%)

NA

14

(9/5)

70.0(57-85)

2.9(1.5-11.0)

1:10(71.4%)

2:4(28.6%)

≥ 3:0(0%)

2(14.3%)

Hui D, et al. 2009

China

CIK 3 courses

41

(31/10)

≥ 50:27

< 50:14

≥ 5:17

< 5:24

1:41(100%)

34(82.9%)

CIK 6 courses

43

(32/11)

≥ 50:26

< 50:17

≥ 5:19

< 5:24

1:43(100%)

34(79.1%)

NA

43

(34/9)

≥ 50:28

< 50:15

≥ 5:21

< 5:22

1:43(100%)

33(76.7%)

Takayama T, et al. 2000

Japan

AIT

76

NR

≥ 60:50(66%)

< 60:26(34%)

< 3:38(50%)

≥ 3:38(50%)

1:51(67%)

≥ 2:25(33%)

35(46%)

NA

74

NR

≥ 60:42(57%)

< 60:32(43%)

<3:32(43%)

≥ 3:42(57%)

1:53(72%)

≥ 2:21(28%)

38(51%)

Xu L, et al. 2016

China

CIK

100

(92/8)

43(38-56)

≤ 3:30(30.0%)

3-5:35(35.0%)

≥ 5:35(35.0%)

1:95(95.0%)

≥ 2:5(5.0%)

55(55.0%)

NA

100

(89/11)

52(43-60)

≤ 3:18(18.0%)

3-5:33(33.0%)

≥ 5:49(49.0%)

1:94(94.0%)

≥ 2:6(6.0%)

58(58.0%)

Yu W, et al.2014

China

ERT

58

(51/7)

53.1 ± 10.5

4.7 ± 2.6

1:52(89.7%)

2:6(10.3%)

51(87.9%)

NA

61

(48/13)

55.5 ± 10.7

5.6 ± 3.7

1:53(86.9%)

2:8(13.1%)

54(88.5%)

Huang SX, et al. 2015

China

HAIC

42

(31/11)

59.1±6.2

6.2±1.5

1:24(57.1%)

≥ 2 :18(42.9%)

NR

NA

43

(30/13)

58.4±5.7

5.7±1.3

1:23(53.5%)

≥ 2:20(46.5%)

NR

Chen Q, et al. 2018

China

Huaier

686

(565/121)

< 65:573(83.53%)

≥ 65:113(16.47%)

< 2:55(8.02%)

≥ 2, < 5:340(49.56%)

≥ 5, < 10:240(34.99%)

≥ 10:51(7.43%)

1:595(86.73%)

≥ 2 :91(13.27%)

473(68.95%)

NA

316

(255/61)

< 65:275(87.03%)

≥ 65:41(12.97%)

< 2:25(7.91%)

≥ 2,< 5:149(47.15%)

≥ 5, < 10:100(31.65%)

≥ 10:42(13.29%)

1:274(86.71%)

≥ 2 :42(13.29%)

198(62.66%)

Chen LT, et al. 2012

China

IFN

133

(108/25)

50(48-54)

3.5(3.0-4.0)

1:103(77.4%)

≥ 2:30(22.6%)

73(54.9%)

NA

135

(112/23)

49(46-51)

3.0(2.5-3.5)

1:115(85.2%)

≥ 2:20(14.8%)

74(54.8%)

Lo CM, et al. 2007

China

IFN

40

(31/9)

49(26-75)

5.5(1.8-22)

1:33(83%)

≥ 2:7(17%)

19(48%)

NA

40

(34/6)

54(24-74)

5.7(1.2-18)

1:29(73%)

≥ 2:11(27%)

19(48%)

Mazzaferro V, et al. 2006

Italy

IFN

76

(61/15)

65(41-74)

3.37 ± 2.75(0.3-19)

1:59(77.6%)

≥ 2 :17(22.4%)

NR

NA

74

(51/23)

67(36-73)

3.19 ± 2.26(0.3-14.5)

1:55(74.3%)

≥ 2:19(25.7%)

NR

Nishiguchi S, et al. 2005

Japan

IFN

15

(15/0)

61.9 ± 5.8

2.5(1.9-3.5)

NR

NR

NA

15

(15/0)

60.0 ± 4.8

2.6(2.4-3.5)

NR

NR

Sun HC, et al. 2006

China

IFN

118

(106/12)

52.2

4.3±2.7

1:102(86.4%)

>1:16(13.6%)

98(83.1%)

NA

118

(102/16)

50.4

4.9±3.0

1:103(87.3%)

≥ 2 :15(12.7%)

104(88.1%)

Chen K, et al. 2013

China

IRT(¹²⁵I)

34

(25/9)

50.79 ± 6.79

6.24 ± 2.55

1:30(88.2%)

≥ 2:4(11.8%)

18(52.9%)

NA

34

(24/10)

48.91 ± 7.30

5.65±2.52

1:31(91.2%)

≥ 2:3(8.8%)

20(58.8%)

Chung AY, et al. 2013

Singapore

IRT(¹³¹I-L)

51

(41/10)

65(22-82)

4.2(0.4-30.0)

1:49(96.1%)

≥ 2:2(3.9%)

NR

NA

52

(45/7)

63(42-84)

3.8(1.4-18.0)

1:43(82.7%)

≥ 2 :9(17.3%)

NR

Lau WY, et al. 1999

China

IRT(¹³¹I-L)

21

(17/4)

51(23-71)

4.4(1.4-11)

1:14(66.7%)

≥ 2 :7(33.3%)

NR

NA

22

(18/4)

54(24-75)

3.8(1.5-10)

1:18(81.8%)

≥ 2:4(18.2%)

NR

Hasegawa K, et al. 2006

Japan

OCT(UFT)

79

(60/19)

65(29-75)

3.3(1.2-12)

1:53(67.1%)

≥ 2:26(32.9%)

42(53.2%)

NA

80

(65/15)

64(35-78)

3.4(0.7-13)

1:58(72.5%)

≥ 2 :22(27.5%)

38(47.5%)

Xia Y, et al. 2010

China

OCT（capecitabine）

30

(25/5)

≤ 60:27(90.0%)

> 60:3(10.0%)

7.27±4.37

1:25(83.3%)

≥2:5(16.7%)

19(63.3%)

NA

30

(21/9)

≤ 60:24(80.0%)

> 60:6(20.0%)

6.34±3.16

1:26(86.7%)

≥2:4(13.3%)

21(70.0%)

Yamamoto M, et al. 1996

Japan

OCT(HCFU)

28

NR

NR

NR

NR

31(65%)

NA

27

NR

NR

NR

NR

10(83.3%)

Peng BG, et al. 2009

China

TACE

51

(46/5)

46.2±13.8

9.04±3.02

≤ 3 (100%)

42(82%)

NA

53

(50/3)

50.2±7.5

8.39±2.29

≤ 3 (100%)

37(70%)

Wang Z, et al. 2018

China

TACE

140

(121/19)

54.2±9.7

≤ 5:56(40.0%)

> 5:84(60.0%)

1：102(72.9%)

≥ 2:38(27.1%)

72(51.4%)

NA

140

(109/31)

52.6±10.3

≤ 5:61(43.6%)

> 5:79(56.4%)

1:109(77.9%)

≥2:31(22.1%)

66(47.1%)

Wei W, et al. 2018

China.

TACE

116

(106/10)

44.0(18-75)

5-10:82(70.7%)

> 10:34(29.3%)

1:116(100%)

50(43.1%)

NA

118

(106/12)

48.5(18-74)

5-10:97(82.2%)

> 10:21(17.8%)

1:118(100%)

42(35.6%)

Zhong C, et al. 2009

China

TACE

57

(53/4)

47.6±10.4

9.5±3.8

1:13(22.8%)

≥2:44(77.2%)

50(87.7%)

NA

58

(49/9)

48.2±11.2

9.7±3.6

1:16(27.6%)

≥2:42(72.4%)

48(82.8%)

Li Q, et al. 2006

China

TACE

39

(34/5)

52.5±11.4

5.3 ± 2.1

1:33(84.6%)

≥2:6(15.4%)

NR

TACE+PVC

47

(38/9)

48.6±11.0

5.0 ± 1.9

1:35(74.5%)

≥2:12(25.5%)

NR

NA

45

(39/6)

50.9 ± 9.9

5.1 ± 1.3

1:36(80.0%)

≥2:9(20.0%)

NR

Li JQ, et al. 1995

China

TACE

47

NR

NR

< 5:30

5-10:76

> 10:34

NR

Severe:8

Moderate:38

Mild:62

No:32

NA

47

NR

NR

NR

Lai EC, et al. 1998

China

TACE

30

(26/4)

54.6(50.2-59)

8.5(6.8-10.1)

1:19(63.3%)

≥2:11(36.7%)

17(56.7%)

NA

36

(27/9)

53.4(49.2-57.5)

10.4(5.2-15.6)

1:21(58.3%)

≥2:15(41.7%)

19(52.8%)

Izumi R, et al. 1994

Japan

TACE

23

(21/2)

62.1 ± 8.9

≤5:8(34.8%)

>5:15(65.2%)

1:6(26.1%)

≥2:17(73.9%)

19(82.6%)

NA

27

(23/4)

64.8 ± 10.6

≤5:4(14.8%)

>5:23(85.2%)

1:16(59.3%)

≥2:11(40.7%)

22(81.5%)

Bruix J, et al. 2015

Spain,Japan,Italy,China.

SOR

556

(451/105)

58(24-85)

3.5(1.0-20.0)

1:506(91%)

2:44(8%)

≥3:6(1%)

357(64%)

NA

558

(461/97)

60(19-83)

3.5(1.0-19.0)

1:521(93%)

2:33(6%)

≥3:4(< 1%)

344(62%)

Shi C, et al. 2022

36(94.7%)

5-6:34(89.5%)

NR

AFP positive 21(55.3%)

NR

NR

22(57.9%) positive margins

36(94.7%)

5-6:36(94.7%)

NR

AFP positive 25(65.8%)

NR

NR

24(63.2%) positive margins

Hachiya H, et al. 2020

59(80%)

A:61(82%) B:13(18%)

NR

9(2-10000)

PV:16(21%)

HV:1(1%)

NR

NR

67(83%)

A:64(80%) B:16(20%)

NR

12(2-6000)

PV:20(25%)

HV:1(1%)

NR

NR

Li J, et al. 2020

HBV:66(85%)

HCV:0

NR

NR

≤ 20 34(44%)

20-400 18(23%)

≥ 400 26(33%)

NR

31(40%)

Margin< 1cm :39 (50%)

Margin ≥ 1cm:39(50%)

HBV:60(76%)

HCV:3(4%)

NR

NR

≤ 20 30(38%)

20-400 27(35%)

≥ 400 21(27%)

NR

32(41%)

Margin< 1cm:37(47%)

Margin ≥ 1cm:41(53%)

Li S, et al. 2020

HBV:54(93.1%)

HCV:2(3.4%)

5:57(98.3%)

6:1(1.7%)

≤ 2

176.7(0.87-121000)

NR

58(100.0%)

Negative margin

HBV:51(87.9%)

HCV:1(1.7%)

5:56(96.6%)

6:2(3.4%)

≤ 2

261.2(1.51-121000)

NR

58(100.0%)

Negative margin

Hirokawa F, et al. 2020

HBV/HCV:35(64%)

HCV:21(38%)

A:49(89%)

B:6(11%)

NR

9.4(2.1-141876)

NR

14(25%)

Median surgical margin:5(0-32)

HBV/HCV:34(58%)

HCV:24(41%)

A:51(86%)

B:8(14%)

NR

9.8(2.1-138642)

NR

11(19%)

Median surgical margin:5(0-36)

Matsui HM, et al. 2021

HBV:1(3.3%)

HCV:22(73.3%)

A:30(100%)

NR

274(117-483)

NR

9(30.0%)

NR

HBV:2(14.3%)

HCV:7(50.0%)

A:14(100%)

NR

282(116-471)

NR

4(28.6%)

NR

Hui D, et al.2009

HBV:32(78.0%)

A:34(82.9%)

B:7(17.1%)

NR

AFP positive 33(80.5%)

NR

17(41.5%)

Resection margin >1cm

HBV:33(76.7%)

A:34(79.1%)

B:9(20.9%)

NR

AFP positive 34(79.1%)

NR

19(44.2%)

Resection margin >1cm

HBV:31(72.1%)

A:34(79.1%)

B:9(20.9%)

NR

AFP positive 33(76.7%)

NR

23(53.5%)

Resection margin >1cm

Takayama T, et al. 2000

HBV:15(20%)

HCV:50(66%)

A:54(71%)

B:22(29%)

NR

< 400:58(76%)

≥ 400:18(24%)

NR

34(45%)

NR

HBV:14(19%)

HCV:49(66%)

A:50(68%)

B:24(32%)

NR

< 400:57(77%)

≥ 400:17(23%)

NR

32(43%)

NR

Xu L, et al. 2016

HBV:84(84.0%)

A:100(100.0%)

0:89(89.0%)1:11(11.0%)

< 25:44(44.0%)

25-400:24(24.0%)

400-10000:23(23.0%)

> 10000:9(9.0%)

NR

2(2.0%)

Negative margin

HBV:87(87.0%)

A:100(100.0%)

0:88(88.0%)1:12(12.0%)

< 25:50(50.0%)

25-400:13(13.0%)

400-10000:25(25.0%)

> 10000:12(12.0%)

NR

1(1.0%)

Negative margin

Yu W, et al. 2014

HBV:52(89.7%)

HCV:1(1.7%)

A:58(100.0%)

NR

> 25:24(41.4%)

≤ 25:34(58.6%)

PV adhesion:12(20.7%)

PV+HV adhesion:10(17.2%)

HV adhesion:18(31.0%)

7(12.1%)

Margin ≤ 1cm:58(100.0%)

HBV:53(86.9%)

HCV:5(8.2%)

A:61(100.0%)

NR

> 25:27(44.3%)

≤ 25:34(55.7%)

PV adhesion:12(19.7%)

PV+HV adhesion:9(14.8%)

HV adhesion:25(41.0%)

8(13.1%)

Margin≤ 1cm:61(100.0%)

Huang SX, et al. 2015

NR

A:24(57.1%)

B:18(42.9%)

0-2(100%)

562.4 ± 54.1

NR

NR

NR

NR

A:27(62.8%)

B:16(37.2%)

0-2(100%)

547.5 ± 49.2

NR

NR

NR

Chen Q, et al. 2018

HBV:544(79.30%)HCV:8(1.17%)

A:643(93.73%)B:43(6.27%)

NR

<400:465(67.98%)

≥400:219(32.02%)

NR

NR

Margin ≥ 1cm

HBV:234(74.05%)

HCV:5(1.58%)

A:291(92.09%)

B:25(7.91%)

NR

<400:201(64.42%)

≥400:111(35.58%)

NR

NR

Margin ≥ 1cm

Chen LT, et al. 2012

HBV:106(79.7%)

HCV:27(20.3%)

≤ 7:133(100.0%)

0:75(56.4%)

≥ 1:58(43.6%)

≥ 100:16(12.0%)

< 100:117(88.0%)

NR

41(30.8%)

Margin ≥ 1cm and negative

HBV:108(90.0%)

HCV:26(19.2%)

≤ 7:135(100.0%)

0:82(60.7%)

≥ 1:53(39.3%)

≥ 100:17(12.6%)

< 100:118(87.4%)

NR

33(24.4%)

Margin ≥ 1cm and negative

Lo CM, et al. 2007

HBV:38(95%)

HCV:1(3%)

NR

NR

126(2-182900)

19(48%)

NR

0(0%)

HBV:39(98%)

HCV:2(5%)

NR

NR

23(3-103540)

14(35%)

NR

0(0%)

Mazzaferro V, et al. 2006

HCV:76(100.0%)

A:70(92.1%) B:6(7.9%)

NR

16(2-6854)

NR

15(19.7%)

Margin<1cm:37(53.6%)

Margin≥1cm:32(46.4%)

HCV:74(100.0%)

A:70(94.6%)

B:4(5.4%)

NR

20(1-6648)

NR

17(23.0%)

Margin<1cm:34(50.0%)

Margin≥1cm:34(50.0%)

Nishiguchi S, et al. 2005

HCV:15(100.0%)

A:11(73.3%)

B:4(26.7%)

NR

> 100:4(26.7%)

NR

NR

NR

HCV:15(100.0%)

A:12(80.0%)

B:3(20.0%)

NR

> 100:4(26.7%)

NR

NR

NR

Sun HC, et al. 2006

HBV:118(100.0%)

NR

NR

≤ 20:47(39.8%)

> 20:71(60.2%)

NR

90(76.3%)

NR

HBV:118(100.0%)

NR

NR

≤ 20:36(30.5%)

> 20:82(69.5%)

NR

90(75.4%)

NR

Chen K, et al. 2013

HBV:26(76.5%)

HCV:6(17.6%)

A:34(100.0%)

NR

611.97 ± 265.94

NR

17(50.0%)

Margin<2cm:5(14.7%)

Margin≥2cm:29(85.3%)

HBV:31(91.2%)

HCV:5(14.7%)

A:34(100.0%)

NR

579.26 ± 298.46

NR

14(41.2%)

Margin<2cm:5(14.7%)

Margin≥2cm:29(85.3%)

Chung AY, et al. 2013

HBV:29(56.9%)

NR

NR

29.3(1.0-70700)

PV:1(2.0%)

HV:2(3.9%)

15(29.4%)

Clearly Margin ≥ 1mm

HBV:32(61.5%)

NR

NR

13.1(1.3-2774)

PV:2(3.9%)

HV:1(1.9%)

14(26.9%)

Clearly Margin≥1mm

Lau WY, et al. 1999

HBV:19(90.5%)

NR

NR

147(4-13300)

NR

1(4.8%)

Clear resection margin≥1cm

HBV:19(86.4%)

NR

NR

213(3-27170)

NR

1(4.5%)

Clear resection margin≥1cm

Hasegawa K, et al. 2006

HBV:14(17.7%)

HCV:58(73.4%)

A:68(86.1%)

B:11(13.9%)

NR

29(2-49715)

NR

18(22.8%)

NR

HBV:15(18.8%)

HCV:56(70%)

A:70(87.5%)

B:10(12.5%)

NR

29(1-49388)

NR

17(21.3%)

NR

Xia Y, et al. 2010

HBV:26(86.7%)

A:30(100.0%)

NR

<400:20(66.7%)

≥400:10(33.3%)

NR

18(60.0%)

Tumor-free resectionmargin≥ 1cm

HBV:24(80.0%)

A:30(100.0%)

NR

<400:15(50.0%)≥400:15(50.0%)

NR

20(66.7%)

Tumor-free resectionmargin≥ 1cm

Yamamoto M, et al. 1996

NR

NR

NR

NR

PV:1(1.8%)

NR

Margin≥1cm

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

Margin≥1cm

Peng BG, et al. 2009

HBV:31(61%)HCV:5(10%)

A:44(86.3%) B:7(13.7%)

NR

<400:20(39%)≥400:31(61%)

PV vp1 or vp2:18(35%)vp3:22(43%)vp4:11(22%)

NR

Margin≥ 2cm

HBV:40(76)HCV:3(6%)

A:46(86.8%) B:7(13.2%)

NR

<400:15(28%)≥400:38(72%)

PV vp1 or vp2:18(35%)vp3:22(43%)vp4:11(22%)

NR

Margin≥ 2cm

Wang Z, et al. 2018

HBV:140(100%)HCV:0(0.0%)

Child A/B(100%)

NR

≤20:53(37.9%)>20:87(62.1%)

NR

78(55.7%)

Clear margin

HBV:140(100%)HCV:0(0.0%)

Child A/B(100%)

NR

≤20:51(36.4%)>20:89(63.6%)

NR

87(62.1%)

Clear margin

Wei W, et al. 2018

94(81.0%)

A:116(100.0%)

B:0(0.0%)

0:48(41.4%)

1:65(56.0%)

2:3(2.6%)

< 25:37(31.9%)

≥ 25:79(68.1%)

NR

NR

Margin<2cm:91(78.4%)

Margin≥2cm:25(21.6%)

101(85.6%)

A:116(98.3%)

B:2(1.7%)

0:53(44.9%)

1:63(53.4%)

2:2(1.7%)

< 25:36(30.5%)

≥ 25:82(69.5%)

NR

NR

Margin<2cm:92(78.0%)

Margin≥2cm:26(22.0%)

Zhong C, et al. 2009

HBV:53(93.0%)

A:56(98.2%)

B:1(1.8%)

NR

>25:41(71.9%)

≤25:16(28.1%)

PV vp1 or vp2:15(26.3%)

vp3 or vp4:7(12.3%)

HV:1(1.8%)

NR

1.4 ± 0.8cm

HBV:52(89.7%)

A:58(100.0%)

B:0(0.0%)

NR

>25:45(77.6%)

≤25:13(22.4%)

PV vp1 or vp2:14(24.1%)

vp3 or vp4:9(15.5%); HV:2(3.4%)

NR

1.1 ± 0.7cm

Li Q, et al. 2006

HBV:32(82.1%)

A:23(59.0%)

B:16(41.0%)

NR

590.1 ± 583.1

NR

NR

NR

HBV:40(85.1%)

A:28(59.6%)

B:19(40.4%)

NR

580.9 ± 496.1

NR

NR

NR

HBV:37(82.2%)

A:22(48.9%)

B:23(51.1%)

NR

470.9 ± 399.8

NR

NR

NR

Li JQ, et al. 1995

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

Lai EC, et al. 1998

HBV:25(83.3%)

NR

NR

246.5(1-735000)

14(46.7%)

NR

Median resection margin:1.39(95%CI:0.96-1.82)cm; Positive margin:1(3.3%)

HBV:31(86.1%)

NR

NR

181.0(1-388800)

16(44.4%)

NR

Median resection margin:1.45(95%CI:1-1.87)cm; Positive margin:5(13.9%)

Izumi R, et al. 1994

HBV:6(26.1%)

HCV:3(13.0%)

NR

NR

≤ 200:7(30.4%)

> 200:16(69.6%)

PV:13(56.5%)

HV:9(39.1%)

NR

NR

HBV:2(7.4%)

HCV:3(11.1%)

NR

NR

≤ 200:9(33.3%)> 200:18(66.7%)

PV:14(51.9%)

HV:14(51.9%)

NR

NR

Bruix J, et al. 2015

HBV:282(51%)

HCV:119(21%)

5:429(77%)

6:112(20%)

7:15(3%)

8:0

0:551(99%)

1:5(< 1%)

6.0(1.1-348.4)

NR

146(32%)

Resection R0

HBV:264(47%)

HCV:151(27%)

5:432(77%)

6:106(19%)

7:16(3%)

8:4(< 1%)

0:555(100%)

1:3(< 1%)

5.6(1.0-532.8)

NR

147(33%)

Resection R0