| Patients with GERD | Patients without GERD |  | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics* | n (%) | Polypharmacy n (P%; 95% CI) | n (%) | Polypharmacy n (P%; 95% CI) | P-value** |
Overall | 2,325 (100) | 365 (15.6; 14.2–17.2) | 6,937 (100) | 599 (8.6; 7.9–9.3) | < 0.001 |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | ||
Male | 843 (36.3) | 73 (8.6; 6.7–10.5) | 3432 (49.5) | 131 (3.8; 3.1–4.4) | 0.491 |
Female | 1482 (63.7) | 292 (19.7; 17.6–21.7) | 3505 (50.5) | 468 (13.3; 12.2–14.4) | |
P | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |  | ||
Age (years) | Â | Â | Â | ||
< 50 | 970 (41.7) | 124 (12.7; 10.6–14.8) | 3239 (46.7) | 188 (5.8; 4.9–6.6) | 0.253 |
50–59 | 679 (29.2) | 96 (14.1; 11.5–16.7) | 2146 (30.9) | 206 (9.5; 8.3–10.8) | |
≥ 60 | 676 (29.1) | 145 (21.4; 18.3–24.5) | 1552 (22.4) | 205 (13.2; 11.5–14.8) | |
P | 0.001 | 0.001 | Â | ||
Education | Â | Â | Â | ||
Literate | 1304 (56.1) | 216 (16.5; 14.5–18.5) | 3234 (46.6) | 348 (10.7; 9.6–11.8) | 0.741 |
Illiterate | 1021 (43.9) | 149 (14.5; 12.4–16.7) | 3703 (53.4) | 251 (6.7; 5.9–7.5) | |
P | 0.195 | < 0.001 |  | ||
Marital Status | Â | Â | Â | ||
Not married | 342 (14.7) | 61 (17.8; 14.1–22.2) | 708 (10.2) | 86 (12.0; 9.8–14.6) | 0.294 |
Married | 1,983 (85.3) | 304 (15.3; 13.8–16.9) | 6,229 (89.8) | 513 (8.2; 7.5–8.9) | |
P | 0.239 | 0.001 | Â | ||
Ethnicity | Â | Â | Â | ||
Fars | 1278 (55.0) | 228 (17.8; 15.7–19.9) | 3937 (56.8) | 399 (10.1; 9.1–11.0) | 0.190 |
Non-Fars | 1047 (45.0) | 137 (13.0; 11.0- 15.1) | 3000 (43.2) | 200 (6.6; 5.7–7.5) | |
P | 0.002 | < 0.001 |  | ||
Socio- Economic status | Â | Â | Â | ||
Low | 725 (31.2) | 101 (13.9; 11.4–16.4) | 1694 (24.4) | 108 (6.3; 5.2–7.5) | 0.003 |
Low- Middle | 614 (26.4) | 99(16.1; 13.2–19.0) | 1885 (27.2) | 166 (8.8; 7.5–10.0) | |
Middle-High | 460 (19.8) | 80 (17.3; 13.9–20.8) | 1585 (22.8) | 144 (9.0; 7.6–10.5) | |
High | 526 (22.6) | 85 (16.1; 13.0- 19.3) | 1773 (25.6) | 181 (10.2; 8.7–11.6) | |
P | 0.418 | 0.001 | Â | ||
Physical activity | Â | Â | Â | ||
Low | 776 (33.4) | 163 (21.0; 18.1–23.8) | 2284 (32.9) | 308 (13.4; 12.0- 14.8) | 0.124 |
Moderate | 773 (33.2) | 131 (16.9; 14.3–19.5) | 2283 (32.9) | 191 (8.3; 7.2–9.5) | |
High | 776 (33.4) | 71 (9.1; 7.1–11.1) | 2370 (34.2) | 100 (4.2; 3.4- 5.0) | |
P | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |  | ||
Body mass index (kg/m2) | Â | Â | Â | ||
< 25 | 955 (41.1) | 117 (12.2; 10.1–14.3) | 3145 (45.3) | 173 (5.5; 4.7–6.2) | 0.574 |
25–30 | 909 (39.1) | 143 (15.7; 13.3–18.0) | 2533 (36.5) | 243 (9.5; 8.4–10.7) | |
> 30 | 461 (19.8) | 105 (22.7; 18.9–26.6) | 1259 (18.2) | 183 (14.5; 12.5–16.4) | |
P | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |  | ||
Metabolic syndrome | Â | Â | Â | ||
No | 1387 (59.7) | 138 (9.9; 8.3–11.5) | 4592 (66.2) | 180 (3.9; 3.3–4.4) | 0.062 |
Yes | 938 (40.3) | 227 (24.2; 21.5–26.9) | 2345 (33.8) | 419 (17.8; 16.3–19.4) | |
P | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |  | ||
Alcohol use | Â | Â | Â | ||
No | 2277 (97.9) | 361 (15.8; 14.3–17.3) | 6789 (97.9) | 594 (8.7; 8.0- 9.4) | 0.683 |
Yes | 48 (2.1) | 4 (8.3; 0.5, − 16.1) | 148 (2.1) | 5 (3.3; 1.4–7.8) | |
P | 0.156 | 0.021 | Â | ||
Cigarette smoking | Â | Â | Â | ||
No | 1920 (82.6) | 323 (16.8; 15.1–18.4) | 5425 (78.2) | 542 (9.9; 9.1–10.7) | 0.323 |
Yes | 405 (17.4) | 42 (10.3; 7.4–13.3) | 1512 (21.8) | 57 (3.7; 2.8–4.7) | |
P | 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
Tobacco use | Â | Â | Â | ||
No | 1311 (56.4) | 191 (14.5; 12.6–16.4) | 4405 (63.5) | 299 (6.7; 6.0- 7.5) | 0.481 |
Yes | 1014 (43.6) | 174 (17.0; 14.7–19.4) | 2532 (36.5) | 300 (11.8; 10.5–13.1) | |
P | 0.090 | < 0.001 |  | ||
Opium use | Â | Â | Â | ||
No | 2118 (91.1) | 343 (16.1; 14.6–17.7) | 6370 (91.8) | 580 (9.1; 8.3–9.8) | 0.033 |
Yes | 207 (8.9) | 22 (10.6; 6.4–14.8) | 567 (8.2) | 19 (3.3; 1.8–4.8) | |
P | 0.036 | < 0.001 |  | ||
No. of Comorbidities | Â | Â | Â | ||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1798 (25.9) | 18 (1.0; 0.6–1.6) | < 0.001 |
1 | 292 (12.6) | 12 (4.1; 2.1- 7.0) | 1933 (27.9) | 52 (2.7; 2.0- 3.5) | |
2–3 | 1048 (45.1) | 81 (7.7; 6.2–9.5) | 2230 (32.1) | 231 (10.4; 9.1–11.7) | |
≥ 4 | 985 (42.3) | 272 (27.6; 24.8–30.5) | 976 (14.1) | 298 (30.5; 27.6–33.5) | |
P | 0.001 | < 0.001 |  |