Fig. 1

Conditional response means on CSI items for the LPA four-profile solution (N = 317). CSI = Celiac Symptoms Index. Higher item scores indicate greater symptomology and lower health ratings. Profile 1 is characterized by little to no symptoms and excellent subjective health, except for low energy. Profile 2 is characterized by more frequent symptoms than Profile 1, with a similar elevation on low energy and smaller elevations on bloating, food cravings, and physical pain. Participants in Profile 2 report good subjective health, and they neither agree nor disagree with statements about feeling comfortable or their health status compared to others. Profile 3 is characterized by more frequent symptoms than Profile 2 overall, except for low energy, headaches, and food cravings. Profile 3 shows elevations on most gastrointestinal symptoms and especially on physical pain. Those in Profile 3 report fair subjective health, low comfort, and poor health compared to others. Profile 4 is characterized by frequent to nearly constant symptoms, with notable elevations on all gastrointestinal symptoms, food cravings, low energy, headaches, and physical pain. Participants in Profile 4 reported fair subjective health, low comfort, and poor health compared to others