Gastroparesis might not be uncommon in patients with diabetes mellitus in a real-world clinical setting: a cohort study

Table 3 Multinomial logistic regression analysis of gastric emptying times considering diabetes mellitus and associated covariates

	Delayed GET β (95% CI)	P-value	Rapid GET β (95% CI)	P-value
Duration of DM	0.001 (− 0.06,0.06)	0.963	0.015 (− 0.04.0.06)	0.559
Sex, female	0.189 (−0.88,1.25)	0.727	− 0258 (−1.18.0.67)	0.584
Age	0.022 (−0.01,0.06)	0.258	−0.005 (− 0.04,0.03)	0.776
BMI	−0.100 (− 0.21,0.01)	0.079	− 0.051 (− 0.15,0.05)	0.302
Glycated A1c	0.128 (− 0.12,0.38)	0.318	0.168 (− 0.06,0.40)	0.147
Fasting glucose	0.006 (0.00,0.02)	0.264	0.005 (0.00,0.13)	0.253
Postprandial glucose	−0.002 (− 0.01,0.01)	0.599	− 0.001 (− 0.01,0.01)	0.793
Glucose before GET	− 0.005 (− 0.02,0.01)	0.564	− 0.006 (− 0.02.0.01)	0.371
GFR, ml/min/1.73m²	0.001 (− 0.01,0.01)	0.874	0.003 (− 0.01.0.02)	0.635
DM complication
Macrovascular	−0.260 (−1.30,0.78)	0.629	−0.103 (− 1.03,0.82))	0.828
Retinopathy	1.985 (0.54,3.243)	0.007	1.994 (0.70,3.29)	0.003
Nephropathy	−2.924 (−5.72,-0.13)	0.041	−1.19 (−3.13,0.74)	0.227
Peripheral neuropathy	0.791 (−0.30,1.88)	0.153	1.114 (0.17,2.06)	0.021
Autonomic neuropathy	0.521 (−0.51,1.55)	0.323	0.778 (−0.14,1.70)	0.096
Hypoglycemia	19.752 (18.20, 21.31)	0.000	19.656 (18.10, 21.21)	0.000

BMI body mass index: DM diabetes mellitus: GET gastric emptying time: GFR estimated glomerular filtration rate
* categorization using gastric retention of technetium-99 m: rapid (< 65% at 1 hr. or < 20% at 2 hrs), normal (6 ≤ 0% at 2 hrs and/or ≤ 10% at 4 hrs), delayed (> 60% at 2 hrs and/or > 10% at 4 hrs)

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